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Root-knot nematodes manipulate plant cell functions during a
Root-knot nematodes manipulate plant cell functions during a

... to be essential for giant cell formation – rpe, encoding a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (Favery et al., 1998). The recent development of plant microarray technology has made it possible to generate largescale information about patterns of plant gene expression during giant cell format ...
Global absolute quantification reveals tight regulation of protein
Global absolute quantification reveals tight regulation of protein

... early vertebrate development, elucidating key principles of gene regulation, cellular signaling, patterning and morphogenesis (15). Sequencing and assembly of the Xenopus tropicalis genome revealed a very good synteny with the human genome and has allowed characterizing chromatin state and transcrip ...
Protein aggregation in bacteria: the thin boundary
Protein aggregation in bacteria: the thin boundary

... consequently has not been observed as a way to generate functional materials. Many years of intense in vitro study of peptide and protein aggregation have shown that almost all proteins can form amorphous aggregates when induced at high concentration, but under a set of native-like conditions only s ...
pdf
pdf

... cell structure (Gram-positive versus Gram-negative cells) and solution composition. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to examine these interfacial properties of cells. To assist the interpretation of spectral features of bacterial cells, small c ...
Chapter 6 Histology of the Chorionic Villi, Fetal Membranes, and
Chapter 6 Histology of the Chorionic Villi, Fetal Membranes, and

... villous sprouting and thus villous growth; less often are they sites of extrusion of apoptotic nuclei. Only a minority of these are due to tangential sectioning. In contrast, in the mature placenta, the vast majority of knots are caused by tangential sectioning (see Chapter 18). Far fewer are accumu ...
The Molecular Organization of Endothelial Cell to
The Molecular Organization of Endothelial Cell to

... immunoglobulin superfamily (Newman et al., 1990; Simmons et al., 1990; and which is present also in platelets and leukocytes) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin, Brevario, E, L. Caveda, M. Corada, I. Martin-Padura, P. Navarro, J. Golay, M. Introna, M. G. Lampugnani, and E. Dejana, manusc ...
Nucleolar targeting of BN46/51 - Journal of Cell Science
Nucleolar targeting of BN46/51 - Journal of Cell Science

... the differentiation demonstrated that BN46/51 is absent when basal bodies form or as the flagellar axoneme elongates, but BN46/51 appears when the cytoplasmic microtubule complex elongates from the basal body region. When flagellates spontaneously revert to amebae with the abrupt loss of the CMT, BN ...
Document
Document

... • Passive diffusion is the simplest way for a drug to pass through a membrane and depends only on the existence of a concentration gradient for a molecule across the membrane. Because of the lipophilicity of biologic membranes, diffusion is energetically unfavorable for drugs that are relatively hyd ...
The COPI Complex Functions in Nuclear Envelope Breakdown and
The COPI Complex Functions in Nuclear Envelope Breakdown and

... and the process of nuclear envelope breakdown, we next used nuclei assembled in the Xenopus egg extract. First, we examined the kinetic relationship between the appearance of ␤-COP at the nuclear rim and nuclear envelope breakdown. Before cyclin is added, some ␤-coatomer is seen by indirect immunofl ...
Chapter 3.05
Chapter 3.05

Cytoskeletal Changes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During
Cytoskeletal Changes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During

... multilineage differentiation capacity. They can be differentiated into bone- and cartilage-forming cells in the presence of chemical supplements and/or bioactive factors.3,9 Potential applications of MSCs towards regeneration and treatment have been reported, such as for tissue-engineered mandibular ...
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and

... of sporulation. These were stained by the acid Giemsa and tannic acid violet techniques (Robinow, 1945; Bisset, 1950), by thionine instead of Giemsa, as recommended by DeLamater & Mudd (1951), or by thionine + thionyl chloride. For the demonstration of basophilic septa, preparations were stained by ...
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular

... structure and functional integrity is well established.20 Tubulin is organized around the nucleus and in the longitudinal direction of the cell, and it contributes to the stability of the contractile apparatus in relation to the nucleus, mitochondria, and cellular membrane.21 Tubulin turnover is con ...
cytoplasm nucleus and the A specific subset of
cytoplasm nucleus and the A specific subset of

Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism
Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism

... loss of water during movement of pulvini (Fleurat-Lessard et al., 1997). Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a plant able to change its photosynthetic metabolism from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) if exposed to drought or salt stress. Epimashko et al. (2004) showed that leaf cells of Mesembr ...
Plant physiology
Plant physiology

... C. reinhardtii, triglycerides are primarily produced in the chloroplast or combined with ER (Li et al., 2012; Liu and Benning, 2013). Plants and algae lipid droplets contain structural major proteins localized at the lipid droplet periphery, and their major function seems to be stabilization and pre ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and

... Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 12 CDKs and 49 CYCs that have been categorized into different classes according to their sequence simi ...
Cell types
Cell types

... different shapes and be very specialized in their ...
Translational control of meiotic cell cycle progression
Translational control of meiotic cell cycle progression

Enzymes - africangreyparrott.com
Enzymes - africangreyparrott.com

... They require a specific temperature And if it’s not exact they can be denatured ...
Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Inh2
Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Inh2

... (Fig. 2A) and was excluded from the nucleus of high-density cells (Fig. 2B) in a manner similar to Inh2. Kakinoki et al. reported nuclear accumulation of Inh2 in cells during the S phase of the cell cycle, so we wanted to determine if low- and high-density cells had obvious differences in cell cycle ...
Dephosphorylation Agents Depress Gap Junctional Communication
Dephosphorylation Agents Depress Gap Junctional Communication

9-ear Final (2016-17)
9-ear Final (2016-17)

... Bony labyrinth: a series of bony chambers lined by endosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which is suspended the membranous labyrinth. Membranous labyrinth: consists of a series of membranous sacs and ducts within the bony labyrinth, It is filled with endolymph. ...
Nucleolin: A Multifunctional Major Nucleolar Phosphoprotein
Nucleolin: A Multifunctional Major Nucleolar Phosphoprotein

... it is present in abundance at the heart of the nucleolus. It is highly conserved during evolution. Nucleolin contains a specific bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence and possesses a number of unusual structural features. It has unique tripartite structure and each domain performs a specifi ...
344_final version - OPUS at UTS
344_final version - OPUS at UTS

... degradation, degradation of bipolar plates and degradation of other components, the change of the electrical conductivity or resistivity and the capacitance of the electrochemical doublelayer charge inside a PEMFC will cause the static and dynamic performance degradation of the fuel cell. The conclu ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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