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Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein

... mentioning in this context is the presence of two CBS domains in the ClC-proteins. It is suggested that the CBS domains form a sensor that switches transporters between an inactive and an active state (channels: gating) by interaction of the CBS domains with the negatively charged membrane surface i ...
somatic hybridization - GCG-42
somatic hybridization - GCG-42

... • Hanstein introduced the term ‘Protoplast’. • The isolation of protoplasts from was first achieved through by Klercker (1892) on plasmolysed cells. • Cooking (1960) for the first time isolated the protoplasts of plant tissues by using cell wall degrading enzymes viz., cellulase, hemicellulase, pect ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological

... proteins (the subfamily called PtCenBP3 for centrin binding protein 3), five new centrin subfamilies (ICL1e, ICL3b, ICL9, ICL10 and ICL11), and 14 different subfamilies of either known or unknown proteins (supplementary material Table S1). Among the novel protein subfamilies, GSPATP00007371001 and G ...
The Nose
The Nose

... nasal cavity extend from the nostrils . or nares , in front to the choanae behind .it is divided into right & left halves by the nasal septum. Each half has a floor , aroof , & a lateral wall & medial wall. The floor is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla & the horizontal plate of the hard ...
Nuclear Synthesis of Cytoplasmic Ribonucleic Acid
Nuclear Synthesis of Cytoplasmic Ribonucleic Acid

... radioactivity of RNA that is observed within either nucleated or enucleated amoebae. It is obvious that a clear distinction must be made between the activities of the amoeba itself and the activities of the organisms (or possibly even partially digested organisms) within the amoeba food vacuoles or ...
Essential oils in food preservation
Essential oils in food preservation

... Essential oils are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from plants.The chemicals in essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense as they often possess antimicrobial properties. The interest in essential oils and their application in food preservation ha ...
Introduction to Biology Pacing Guide
Introduction to Biology Pacing Guide

... Conduct a scientific investigation demonstrating safe procedures and proper care of laboratory equipment. (DOK 2)  Safety rules and symbols  Proper use and care of the compound light microscope, slides, chemicals, etc.  Accuracy and precision in using graduated cylinders, balances, beakers, therm ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
pdf: Xu et al. 2008

... fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. In both wild-type and fei1 fei2 double mutant root cells, the microtubules in the elongation zone were aligned primarily transversely to the axis of growth 3 d after transfer to nonpermissive conditions (see Supplemental Figure 9 online). This indicates t ...
Microtubule cortical array organization and plant cell morphogenesis
Microtubule cortical array organization and plant cell morphogenesis

Membrane-bound and extracellular P4actamase
Membrane-bound and extracellular P4actamase

... Stmptomyces griseus NRRL B-2682. The enzyme has membrane-bound and extracellular forms. Biochemical characterization of some of the properties of the enzyme showed that it belongs to the class A group of penicillinases. Comparison of the membrane-bound and extracellular forms of the & lactamases sug ...
Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of
Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of

Regulation of the Discs Large Tumor Suppressor by a
Regulation of the Discs Large Tumor Suppressor by a

... cell membrane, others show nuclear localization, possibly performing signaling functions (19). Similarly to its Drosophila homolog, hDlg appears to have dual roles in governing both polarity and proliferation of epithelial cells. It has been shown that hDlg binds directly to the APC tumor suppressor ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in

... DFCs were automatically isolated using a FACSAria cell sorting system (BD Biosciences). Cells were then used for single-cell force spectroscopy (CellHesion, JPK Instruments, Berlin, Germany). Using plasma-activated cantilevers (Veeco NP-0, nominal spring constant k60 mN/m), cells were incubated in ...
Stress-induced electrolyte leakage: the role of K+
Stress-induced electrolyte leakage: the role of K+

... Plant physiologists investigating toxic effects of high salinity discovered the K+ leakage in the 1960s (Levitt, 1972). Originally, this effect of NaCl was attributed to the non-specific membrane damage and loss of membrane integrity. However, in the 1970s, Nassery (1975, 1979) showed that NaCl (>50 ...
The origins of multicellular organisms
The origins of multicellular organisms

... basis for cell‐to‐cell adhesion and communication may have evolved simultaneously in some cases; for example, metazoan tetraspanin‐enriched protein/membrane microdomains participate in cell–cell adhesion and communication as well as membrane fusion and cell migration (Bailey et al. 2011; Wang et al. ...
Desferrioxamine-mediated Iron Uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Evidence for two pathways of iron uptake.
Desferrioxamine-mediated Iron Uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Evidence for two pathways of iron uptake.

... Reduction followed by transport of elemental iron is only one of the strategies that organisms use to accumulate iron. Most bacteria and fungi synthesize and secrete siderophores, low molecular weight compounds that specifically bind ferric iron. Siderophores bind ferric iron with high affinity, and ...
Unequal division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its implications
Unequal division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its implications

... step precedes the actual initiation of D N A replication by at least two other steps, those controlled by the products of genes cdc4 and cdc 7 (15). The cdc 28 controlled step is also the step at which mating factors arrest haploid cells, apparently in order to synchronize the two cell cycles before ...
Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers
Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

... • Meckel’s diverticulum – persistent proximal part of vitelline duct occurs in 2% of normal individuals Combinations of the above may also occur Persistent vitelline duct of any degree may contain ectopic gastric mucosa ad pancreatic acini causing intestinal ulceration and bleeding ...
External Acoustic Meatus.
External Acoustic Meatus.

... internal ear constitute the vestibular apparatus, although equilibrium is also maintained by vision and proprioceptive impulses. ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and

... domain of protein 4.1R. They are encoded by exons 8 (responsible for 4.1R binding glycophorin C) and 10 (responsible for 4.1R binding p55) [94]. The binding of protein 4.1 to p55 increases the affinity of the interaction between p55 and glycophorin C, which implies a very important role of protein 4 ...
PDF
PDF

... C02H-terminal parts can be incorporated into this membrane in vivo [Bremer et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 222, 223 - 2311. The possibility that these fragments can be used, via gene fusions, as vehicles to transport other proteins to the outer membrane has been investigated. To test whether fragment ...
ch09c2wcr
ch09c2wcr

... No tight neuromuscular junction (unlike skeletal muscle with its sophisticated NMJ) Autonomic nerve fibers innervate smooth muscle Varicosities (bulbous swellings) of nerve fibers release neurotransmitters broadly (diffuse junctions) ...
Phosphorylation of Bni4 by MAP kinases contributes to septum
Phosphorylation of Bni4 by MAP kinases contributes to septum

... 2008). To date it is unclear whether Bni4 might perform additional functions in CSIII regulation. What has become clear over the years is that Bni4 must perform functions at the neck other than regulating CSIII (Larson, Kozubowski and Tatchell 2010). However, these functions do not seem to be essent ...
Severa1 Proteins lmported into Chloroplasts Form
Severa1 Proteins lmported into Chloroplasts Form

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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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