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AOS2_Functioning organisms_2012
AOS2_Functioning organisms_2012

... Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the author’s words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make. However, do try to avoid the overuse of direct quotations; try to paraphrase the author’s work where possible. When organising our time, Adair (1988) states that ‘th ...
Supplemental Materials and Methods TGFβ
Supplemental Materials and Methods TGFβ

... TGF bioassay. To quantify the levels of active and total TGF, we used mink lung epithelial cells (MLEC) that produce luciferase under the control of the PAI-1 promoter in response to TGF (gift from Daniel Rifkin, New York University) (Abe et al., 1994). MLEC were plated at 7.8 x 104 cells/cm2, al ...
Olivier THOUMINE Mechanical coupling between N
Olivier THOUMINE Mechanical coupling between N

... To trigger cell motility, forces generated by the cytoskeleton must be transmitted physically to the external environment through transmembrane adhesion molecules. One model put forward twenty years ago to describe this process is the molecular clutch by which a modular interface of adaptor proteins ...
2 slides/page - University of San Diego Home Pages
2 slides/page - University of San Diego Home Pages

... –  Organisms are largely governed by the response of water to temperature. ...
Asthma - Medically fit for exams
Asthma - Medically fit for exams

... Reversibility: 4 puffs (400mg) of salbutamol, wait 15min, FEV should improve by 15% or 400ml. PEFR improves by 20% CXR to rule out other causes ...
Motor Proteins and The Cytoskeleton
Motor Proteins and The Cytoskeleton

... Of ATP by Head 1 ...
Title - Iowa State University
Title - Iowa State University

... An allosteric regulator will bind to an enzyme at a place other than the active site and increase or decrease the protein’s activity by this binding. A competitive inhibitor will bind to the active site of an enzyme (where the substrate or reactant would usually bind) and prevent the substrate from ...
Chapter 1 - A Brief Look at the Cell
Chapter 1 - A Brief Look at the Cell

... Plant cell walls are composed of very different materials than the previously mentioned bacterial cell walls. Plant cell walls are primarily composed of the glucose polymer, cellulose, but contain other polysaccharides as well. Depending on the type of plant cell, there may be multiple layers of cel ...
Epigenetics and DNA repair
Epigenetics and DNA repair

... TCR is responsible for the accelerated removal of DNA lesions from the transcribing strand of active genes. Actively transcribing genes constitute 5-8% of the eukaryotic genome. The lesions repaired by TCR in those regions might be very minimal as compared to the remainder of the genome. Therefore, ...
Cell Division
Cell Division

... Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division. The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of ...
How You Breathe
How You Breathe

... The red color of our blood is red because our cells contain tiny amounts of iron (which is contained in a molecule called hemoglobin which you may have heard of). Iron turns red when it combines with oxygen, just like when a piece of metal rusts, it turns a red-ish orange. ...
Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment

... 7.1 CELLULAR MEMBRANES ARE FLUID MOSAICS OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS Notes:  Selective permeability: ...
Types of Receptors
Types of Receptors

... • Destruction of old blood cells • Stores RBC • Manufactures WBC Thymus • Produces hormones involved in the processing and maturation of special lymphocytes called Tcells • Replaced by connective tissue and fat during puberty ...
ACTIVITIES UNIT 3: THE DIGESTIVE AND THE RESPIRATORY
ACTIVITIES UNIT 3: THE DIGESTIVE AND THE RESPIRATORY

... 3. A short tube with C-shaped rings of cartilage d) Pharynx 4. A flap or tissue that closes over the larynx e) Trachea 5. The place the air enters our body f) Bronchi 6. Part of these lead to our lungs g) Bronchi 7. Part of the digestive and respiratory system 19. Choose the correct word in each sen ...
Chapter 7 bioh - Elmwood Park Memorial High School
Chapter 7 bioh - Elmwood Park Memorial High School

... called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • Has two membranes – Inner membrane called cristae which increases the surface area so more compounds can be converted to ATP. – Outer membrane protects and allows transport. • Has its own DNA and can reproduce to make more mitochondria ...
Cells
Cells

... 19. Since an animal cell lacks a cell wall, it is important that it be surrounded by a/an (hypertonic; hypotonic; ISOTONIC) solution, so that it does not shrink & shrivel up or swell & rupture due to the effects of osmosis. 20. If red blood cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution, then the cell w ...
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File

... Purpose ...
organelle Part of Grant City Purpose in the city Purpose in the cell
organelle Part of Grant City Purpose in the city Purpose in the cell

... protects the city. Controls who comes and goes. ...
Plants, Plants, and MORE Plants!!!
Plants, Plants, and MORE Plants!!!

... branch off from a main one. Another difference is that monocots have only one cotyledon (seed leaf), while dicots have two cotyledons. Now, back to phloem and xylem. Phloem is the tissue in the plant that sends nutrients and water from the leaves downward. Xylem sends the nutrients from the roots up ...
The Nervous System: 1. Basics
The Nervous System: 1. Basics

... •! Until the threshold is reached, the trigger zone on the axon does not respond. •! Once the threshold is reached, a full response occurs. •! Action potentials are all-or-nothing: –! Each one is the same size. –! Strength of a stimulus is measured by •! frequency of action potentials •! number of a ...
Flow Cytometry – A Basic Overview
Flow Cytometry – A Basic Overview

... lasers it is desirable that this transit point be at the peak of the laser energy distribution (as shown to the lower left). When the core stream is much wider than the cell diameter, cells, which distribute at random in the core stream, will pass through differing laser beam energy levels. This me ...
This page should automatically redirect. If nothing is
This page should automatically redirect. If nothing is

... What are the lungs? The lungs are multi-lobed, bilateral, spongy organs involved in the process of respiration and which lie enclosed within the chest cavity. The right lung has three sections, called lobes; it is a little larger than the left lung, which has two lobes. When we breathe in, the lung ...
Cell Nutrients
Cell Nutrients

... - present in nucleic acids and in the cell wall of some gram-positive bacteria. - a key element in the regulation of cell metabolism. - sources: Inorganic phosphates. ...
History and Structure of DNA
History and Structure of DNA

... • The lack of ADH causes the nephrons to become practically impermeable to water, and little or no water is reabsorbed from them back into the blood. • Consequently, the kidneys excrete more watery urine until the water concentration of the body fluids returns to normal. ...
Predicting Individual Bacterium Cell Growth Behavior from
Predicting Individual Bacterium Cell Growth Behavior from

... Using a relatively simple data on steady state length distribution, this modeling strategy provides some insights into the kinetics of bacterial growth. Using this approach, we are able to describe details of individual cell behavior using population level information. For example, the integration o ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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