Download How You Breathe

How You Breathe
When you breathe,
the actions of your
rib muscles and
diaphragm expand
or contract your
chest. As a result,
air flows in or out.
Respiratory System
Function of Respiratory System
O2 from outside environment into body
1. Brings ___
CO2 from body
2. Removes ___
Organs & Pathway of air in Respiratory System
Nose - air enters through nostrils
1. ____
2. ______
Pharynx - enters here next (Throat)
3. ______
Trachea - tube from Pharynx toward Lungs
Bronchus - connecting tubes from trachea to Lungs
4. _______
Lung - Last stop - air passes through smaller and
5. _____
smaller airways until it reaches the Alveoli
Read pgs 112-116 and fill in notes on the Respiratory System
The Path of Air
Gas Exchange
After air enters an alveolus, oxygen
passes through the wall of the
alveolus and then through the
capillary wall into the blood. Carbon
dioxide and water pass from the blood
into the alveoli.
Respiratory System Functions

Oxygen from the air and glucose from
digested food are both carried to the cells by
the blood. During respiration, oxygen reacts
with glucose to release energy.
Breathing and Speaking
Two vocal cords,
folds of connective
tissue that produce
your voice, stretch
across the opening
of the larynx. Air
moving over the
vocal cords causes
them to vibrate and
produce sound.
Asthma
Breathing and Smoking
Over time, smokers can develop chronic
bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer,
and atherosclerosis.
What is the pathway air takes
after entering through the nose?
1.
2.
3.
4.
trachea, pharynx, esophagus, lungs
pharynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs
pharynx, bronchus, trachea, lungs
pharynx, trachea, lungs, bronchus
Where are gases exchanged in
the Respiratory System?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bronchioles
Trachea
Pharynx
Alveoli
Cardiovascular System
Functions of Cardiovascular System
1. ______
Delivery of O2 & Nutrients
O2 to all body cells
 Blood carries ___
Lungs
– Cardiovascular gets O2 from _________
Removal of waste
2. _________
CO2 from cells and
 Blood picks up waste ____
transports it back to lungs
Respiratory
– Cardiovascular working with __________
3. Fighting
______
Disease –
transports cells that attack
disease-causing microorganisms – this can help keep you from
getting sick and helps get you well
– Cardiovascular working with _________
Lymphatic
Read Pages 78 - 84
Cardiovascular Organs
Organs of the Cardiovascular System
Heart – contracts to push _____
blood through
1. _____
vessels
Vessels – carry blood to tissues & organs
2. Blood ______
away from
Arteries - carries blood __________
heart
to
Veins - carries blood ______
heart

Cardiovascular works closest with __________
respiratory
system.
 How? Gets O2 from lungs
____

Works closely with all systems!
O2 to ALL organ systems so that they can
 How? Carries ___
function
-How Blood Travels-
When does it have O2? When does it not?
Loop #1
To the Lungs
& backLoop
to the #1
Heart
To the Lungs &
back to the
Heart
Loop #2
To the Body &
Loop
back to
Heart#2
To the Body &
back to Heart
The Heart
Blood
Blood consists of liquid plasma and three
kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets.
Blood Types
Human blood is always red.
The only difference is that when it is oxygenated, it is a
bright red, and when it is depleted of oxygen, it is a
darker red. The myth of blue blood may have several
origins, 1) veins, which carry the blood once it is low on
oxygen, look blueish green, but that's because of the
tissue that makes up the veins and is not due to the
blood itself.
The red color of our blood is red because our cells
contain tiny amounts of iron (which is contained in a
molecule called hemoglobin which you may have heard
of). Iron turns red when it combines with
oxygen, just like when a piece of metal rusts, it turns a
red-ish orange.
Although all blood is made of the same basic elements,
not all blood is alike. In fact, there are eight different
common blood types, which are determined by the
presence or absence of certain antigens – substances
that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign
to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient's
immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe
blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and
cross-matching.
http://www.redcrossblood.org/le
arn-about-blood/blood-types
There
are four major blood groups determined by the
presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the
surface of red blood cells:
Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B
antibody in the plasma)
Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A
antibody in the plasma)
Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells
(but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)
Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells
(but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)
In
addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third
antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present
(+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is
given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or
Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients.
The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood
type.
The universal plasma donor has Type AB positive blood
type.
What carries blood away from
the heart.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arteries
Veins
Atriums
Capillaries
How many chambers does the
human heart have?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
What organ(s) produces the
blood?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heart
Bones
Liver
Arteries
Endocrine System
3 Functions of Endocrine System
hormones
1) Production of chemicals and __________
that control many of the body’s daily
activities
2) Regulation of long-term changes:
Growth
A. ________
B. Development
3) Sends chemicals to ALL other Body Systems
Read pages 216 - 221
Endocrine System
9 Glands/Organs of the Endocrine System
 Hypothalamus - links nervous and endocrine
systems
 Pituitary - regulates growth & blood pressure
 Thymus - helps immune system in childhood
 Adrenal - release hormones for emergencies
 Thyroid - controls release of energy from food
molecules
 Parathyroid - regulates amount of calcium in blood
 Pancreas - produces insulin and glucagon
 Ovaries - release female sex hormones, mainly
estrogen
 Testes - release male sex hormones, mainly
testosterone
Endocrine
System
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Endocrine System
Lymphatic System
Read
pages
96 - 97
Function of Lymphatic System:

_______
Filters & returns leaked fluids back to blood
Organs of Lymphatic System:
1) Lymph _______
- small knobs of tissue located
nodes
all over the body
A. ________
Filters the lymph fluid - takes out trapped
_________
bacteria and other disease-causing
microorganisms
infection the Lymph nodes
B. When the body fights _________
swell - it is a very ______
slow moving body
will ______
system, once the nodes enlarge they are slow to go
down
The lymphatic
system works
very closely
with the
circulatory
system.
What is the function of the
lymph nodes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
take bacteria and other disease-causing
microorganisms out of the air we breathe
take bacteria and other disease-causing
microorganisms out of body fluids
to remove wastes from the blood
to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
in the lungs