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B6b Transport in Animals
B6b Transport in Animals

... _______________ of blood. The blood inside is under _________ pressure and therefore the walls do not need to be as __________ as those of the arteries. They have a large __________ to allow the blood to flow quickly and rely on ___________ muscles close to the veins to help push the blood back towa ...
Topic 2: Microscopy and Staining Measurement of Microorganisms
Topic 2: Microscopy and Staining Measurement of Microorganisms

... Theta for air is 60 and for oil is 90. The light microscope cannot be used with wavelengths <500 nm. Human eye cannot see wavelengths shorter than violet. At 500nm (0.5um), resolution is increased by increasing numerical aperture. You want the answer in um, because there are less zeros. The numerica ...
Bacteria - RuthenbergAP
Bacteria - RuthenbergAP

... Substances that disrupts the metabolism of other organisms. • Endotoxin - made up of lipids and carbohydrates associated with the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. These toxins are some of the strongest poisons known to man and cause violent reactions in host organisms. ...
HBS ECA
HBS ECA

... perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception ...
PiXL AQA – Knowledge PowerPoint
PiXL AQA – Knowledge PowerPoint

... too much cholesterol. Patients should also have a healthy diet. This reduces the risk of heart disease. ...
lignofibrils on the external cell wall surface of cultured plant cells
lignofibrils on the external cell wall surface of cultured plant cells

... intervals and the smallest branches had widths which approached the resolution limit for sectioned material (Figs. 1 and 7). Occasionally a fiber appeared to be split longitudinally (Fig. 7). This bifurcation and the flatness of the larger fibers suggests that they may have a fasciculate internal st ...
Class26 2-15 Win17 Proliferation, Apoptosis
Class26 2-15 Win17 Proliferation, Apoptosis

... Apoptosis (case study: caspase) Migration (case study: gastrulation) ...
histology06
histology06

... This could be an axon hillock. Compared to the other branches here, this has a larger diameter, so it could be giving rise to an axon. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... This could be an axon hillock. Compared to the other branches here, this has a larger diameter, so it could be giving rise to an axon. ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
Presentazione di PowerPoint

... structure of hydrate clathrates would collapse into a conventional ice crystal structure or liquid water. At standard conditions of pressure and temperature, one volume of methane hydrate can store up to 164 volumes of gaseous methane, allowing its safer and less expensive storage and transportation ...
What is a cell?
What is a cell?

... made up of cells, cells often are called “the building blocks of life.” The cell also is the basic unit of function in living things. All the life processes are carried out by cells. Some organisms, such as bacteria, are made up of only one cell. Larger organisms have many more cells. A person, for ...
Tonicity, which is directly related to the osmolarity of a
Tonicity, which is directly related to the osmolarity of a

... solute particles. In a situation in which solutions of two different osmolarities are separated by a membranepermeable to water, though not to the solute, water will move from the side of the membrane with lower osmolarity (and more water) to the side with higher osmolarity (and less water). This ef ...
Biology Discussion Points
Biology Discussion Points

... A contractile vacuole is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It pumps excess water out of a cell and is found prominently in freshwater protists. They are found in both plant and animal cells. It pumps the water out from the cytoplasm. In Paramecium, a common freshwater ...
Lay terminology glossary
Lay terminology glossary

... a procedure that uses electricity to stimulate the heart and make it return to its normal rhythm ...
Delivery of Nutrients to Cells
Delivery of Nutrients to Cells

... Glucose and Amino acids are absorbed into the epithelial cells and then pass directly into the blood capillary. Fat products pass into the epithelial cells and then pass into the central lacteal. Calcium, iron and vitamin B12 are also absorbed through the epithelium of the small intestine. B12 requi ...
circulatory system - Zanichelli online per la scuola
circulatory system - Zanichelli online per la scuola

... Precapillary sphincters on arterioles can shut off blood supply. Auto-regulation depends on smooth muscle being sensitive to its chemical environment. Hyperemia: Low O2 and high CO2 levels cause smooth muscle to relax, increasing blood supply to capillary bed. ...
Practice Test for Pathology
Practice Test for Pathology

... 18. When there is a presence of lipofuscin (pigment) and it is found in the heart, nerve or liver cells we would called it ______________ atrophy. 19. An increase in cell size from both physiologic and pathologic causes is called ______________. ...
You are responsible for the knowing where these anatomical
You are responsible for the knowing where these anatomical

... pulmonary semilunar valve (this valve cannot be seen in this heart dissection, so just find the location of it) left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery You should also be able to trace a drop of blood through the heart naming all of the following structures. To help ...
Problem Set "Simcell 2010-2011" id:[22067] A) What do the
Problem Set "Simcell 2010-2011" id:[22067] A) What do the

... Today you are going to be a scientist and conduct a virtual science experiment! First, using a microworld, you will explore the science concepts under study. Then you will make a hypothesis and test it. Then you will examine your data and use it to back up your conclusions. Multiple choice: OK! ...
Supplementary Figure 1. Interstitial cells in tumor tissue and in
Supplementary Figure 1. Interstitial cells in tumor tissue and in

... genes tpt1 and hmp2 are down-regulated with progression of oogenesis, they are not affected (hmp2) or up-regulated (tpt1) in tumor tissue. This observation confirms, that Hydra tumor have specific signature, different from that of female gonads at either early or late oogenesis stage. Although tumor ...
Worms and Mollusks
Worms and Mollusks

... • Siphon: tube-like structure through which water enters and leaves the body, capturing plankton in the process ...
Why are zebrafish ideal models for development and
Why are zebrafish ideal models for development and

... be similar to them in many biological traits than a more distantly related organism. These biological traits would include genes, developmental processes, anatomy, physiology, and behaviors. This is an advantage that invertebrate lab animals do not share with humans. The invertebrates are more appro ...
circulatory system
circulatory system

...  The number of leukocyte of a person is normally about 6000 – 9000 white blood cells per mm3.  White blood cell can be classified into two types, granular and agranular cell.  Granular cell consist of neuthrophil, basophil, and eosinophil.  Agranular consist of lympocytes and mnocytes.  Functio ...
10.1 Cell Biology.indd NS NEW.indd
10.1 Cell Biology.indd NS NEW.indd

... but those tasks are variations on a theme. Not so with bacteria, says Mullins. Actins that determine cell shape work differently across the bacterial world, and some rodshaped bacteria, such as tuberculosis, don’t even have them. Due to their vast numbers and unicellular lifestyle, “bacteria can pla ...
CELL ENVIRONMENTS REVIEW SHEET
CELL ENVIRONMENTS REVIEW SHEET

... DIFFUSION IS THE MOVEMENT OF ANYTHING FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION. OSMOSIS IS THE MOVEMENT OF WATER ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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