Download circulatory system

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
By :
Sulchana Saraswati ( 11315244005)
Amiratul Ratna Putri ( 11315244009)
What is the circulatory system?
 The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved
substances to and from different places in the body.
 The Heart has the job of pumping these things around
the body.

The Heart pumps blood and substances around the
body in tubes called blood vessels.

The Heart and blood vessels together make up the
Circulatory System.
THE MECHANISM OF
HEART
 Heart contraction : Sistole
 Heart relaxation : Diastole
PEREDARAN DARAH KECIL
 Darah dari ventrikel kanan akan dipompa melalui katup pulmoner ke dalam
arteri pulmonalis, menuju ke paru-paru. Darah akan mengalir melalui pembuluh
yang sangat kecil (kapiler) yang mengelilingi kantong udara di paru-paru, menyerap
oksigen dan melepaskan karbondioksida yang selanjutnya dihembuskan.
Darah yang kaya akan oksigen mengalir di dalam vena pulmonalis menuju ke atrium
kiri. Peredaran darah diantara bagian kanan jantung, paru-paru dan atrium kiri
disebut sirkulasi pulmoner.
PEREDARAN DARAH BESAR
 Darah dalam atrium kiri akan didorong ke dalam ventrikel kiri, yang selanjutnya
akan memompa darah yang kaya akan oksigen ini melewati katup aorta masuk ke
dalam aorta (arteri terbesar dalam tubuh). Aorta ini bercabang menjadi arteri lebih
kecil yang mengantarkan darak ke gabian-bagian tubuh tertentu.
Arteri ini bercabang dan beranting menjadi arteriol yang mengantarkan darah ke
tissu sel. Arteriol membentuk cabang-cabang yaitu kapiler, tempat pertukaran zat
antara tissu sel dengan pembuluh darah terjadi. Lalu kapiler bersatu di venula.
Venula-venula bersatu menjadi vena yang membawa kembali darah ke jantung.
Darah kaya oksigen ini disediakan untuk seluruh tubuh, kecuali paru-paru.
PEMBULUH DARAH
3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
1.
Capillaries:
• Microscopic blood vessels- make contact with all cells of the body
• Walls of capillaries consist of a thin layer of epithelial tissue 
enables diffusion of nutrients and oxygen out of the blood & the
diffusion of waste products into the blood
2.
Arteries:
• Blood flows from the heart to the capillaries through thick walled
blood vessels = arteries
• Walls of arteries = epithelial tissue wrapped in layers of smooth
muscle and connective tissue
• Muscle tissue enables arteries to constrict & dilate; Blood in arteries
is under pressure due to the heart’s pumping action
3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
3. Veins:

Blood returns from the capillaries to the heart through vessels = veins

Walls of veins consist of epithelial tissue surrounded by smooth muscle &
connective tissue… but muscle layer is thinner than that in arteries

Blood is under little pressure

Contracting skeletal muscles squeezes the
veins and forces blood back to the heart
BLOOD
Blood is a transportation device of important substances in the body. It is a
special tissue composed of liquid matrix of plasma and blood cells.
red blood cell
platelets
white blood cell
plasma
BLOOD
 Pumped by our heart.
 Travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels
 Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products
to and from our body cells.
 The ratio of plasma and blood cell is 55 : 45
BLOOD PLASMA
 Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
 About half of our blood is made of plasma
 The plasma carries the blood cells throughout the body
 Plasma is used to regulate the blood osmotic pressure.
 Plasma is made in the liver.
The composition of plasma is mostly water (90%) and the other 10 % are
protein , amino acid, sugar, vitamin, mineral salt, enzyme, hormone and
antibodies, gas, and metabolic residue.
RED BLOOD
( ERYTHROCITE )
 Erythrocyte has biconcave – shaped structure and has no nucleus
 Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the
body.
 Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to the lungs
 About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood. ( 5
million per 1mm3 )
RED BLOOD
( ERYTHROCITE )
•
•
•
•
Get color from hemoglobin
Made in red bone marrow
Circulate for 120 days
The plateles have a large amount
of Hemoglobin (Hb)
• Hemoglobin is a complex protein
that has iron – containing nucleus .
It performs the function of
carrying O2 and CO2.
LEUKOCYTE
 Leukocyte is produced in red marrow, lymphoid tissues, and lympatic glands
 The number of leukocyte of a person is normally about 6000 – 9000 white
blood cells per mm3.
 White blood cell can be classified into two types, granular and agranular cell.
 Granular cell consist of neuthrophil, basophil, and eosinophil.
 Agranular consist of lympocytes and mnocytes.
 Function : defend the body against infectious disease by “eating” the agent
causing disease, called phagocytosis.
scienceu.fsu.edu
www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/
illus/167i2.htm
TROMBOSIT
 Trombosit cells have irregular shape, smaller, than other blood
cells, and no nucleus.
 The normal number of thrombocyte is about 200.000 – 300.000
 The special function of the cell is for blood formation
user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm
SKEMA PEMBEKUAN DARAH
DISORDER AND DISEASE OF
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
a.
Anemia
Anemia is a blood deficiency disease. It can be caused by
nutrition deficiency that results in iron deficiency as a material
to form Hb (Hb deficiency)or simply because the number of
erythrocyte that is below the normal range. Anemia is not
genetic disorder.
DISORDER AND DISEASE
OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
b.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a blood cancer signed by very large amount of
white blood cells because its production cannot be controlled.
( up to 20.000 )
The conditions leads blood cells eat or destruct the red blood
cells. The leukimia patient becomes very weak or even dies.
DISORDER AND DISEASE
OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
c.
Varicose Vein
Varicose vein is a vein enlargement. It is suffered mostly by
adult or elderly persons. Most of the vein enlargement occurs in
leg area ( calf, thigh ) or anus. Varicose vein on anus is called
hemorrhoids.
DISORDER AND DISEASE
OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
d.
Sclerosis
Sclerosis is a hardening of arteries. It causes disturbance of
bloodstream. Sclerosis is caused by the formation of fatty
plaques called atherosclerosis and by the thickening with plaque
which is called arteriosclerosis.
DISORDER AND DISEASE
OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
e.
Hypertension
Hypertension is a condition in which a person has high blood
pressure . Hypertension is caused by several factors : Age, diet,
genetics
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to kidney and stroke or the
burst of blood vessel on head ( pecahnya pembuluh darah di
kepala )
DISORDER AND DISEASE
OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
f.
Hypotension
Hypotension is an abnormally low blood pressure signed by
systolic / diastolic pressure under 100/80 mmHg
DISORDER AND DISEASE
OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
g.
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a blood disorder in which the ability of blood to
clot is impaired at injury. It is a genetic disease caused by
inability of blood to form blood coagulator factor.
THE END
THANK YOU

 Gustin : mgapa leukosit bisa berlebihan? Dan mekanisme nya?
 Rita : pnyebab lain kanker darah
 Zuhdi : Kesemutan dan kram? Knp kalo kepanasan jadi memerah
mukanya?