Download B6b Transport in Animals

THE HEART:
CORE
BLOOD:
The function of the heart is to
__________________________________
It is mainly made of ________________
BLOOD VESSELS:
VEINS
ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES
Blood is made up of blood cells and
fragments floating in a yellow, watery
liquid.
The four components are:
PLASMA is the ____________ part of the
blood. It transports many substances
around the body including glucose,
_________, hormones and ____________
RED BLOOD CELLS carry ___________
around the body, attached to a pigment
called ___________________.
Their structure suits their function
because:-


WHITE BLOOD CELLS prevent
_____________ spreading in the body.
They can _____________ and
____________ microorganisms OR they
can make ____________________.
PLATELETS are cell _______________
and help the blood to _____________.
Veins carry
blood _______
the heart
Valves?
____________
walls
____________
pressure
Blood mainly
____________
Arteries carry
blood _______
from the heart
Valves?
____________
walls
____________
pressure
Blood mainly
____________
Capillaries connect
__________ and
__________
Valves?
____________ walls
____________ pressure
Blood changes from
__________ to
___________
as it passes through
the organ
CIRCULATION:
N.B. Valves stop the
________________
of blood.
The circulatory system is made
up of the ________, ________
___________
and _____________.
Its function is to ________
____________ around the body
e.g. _____________
N.B.
ARTERIES GO AWAY
VEINS HAVE VALVES
Label the heart using the following words:
VENA CAVA, AORTA, VALVE, LEFT ATRIUM,
LEFT VENTRICLE, RIGHT ATRIUM, RIGHT
VENTRICLE, PULMONARY ARTERY,
PULMONARY VEIN
Label which side carries DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD and the side that carries OXYGENATED
BLOOD.
What are the names of the blood
vessels which supply blood to the
heart muscle itself?
PROBLEMS:
Which part of the heart can become
blocked with fat and cholesterol to cause
heart disease and attacks?
What can be done to prevent this?
1.
2.
3.
4.
EXTENSION
THE ROLE OF PHAGOCYTES IN DEFENDING AGAINST DISEASE:
Phagocytes are special kinds of _________
__________
cells.
When bacteria are present, they can change
_________ and surround them.
The bacteria are then _____________ by the
phagocyte and then ____________ are used to break
down the bacteria in order that the nutrients can be
________________ into the cytoplasm.
THE ROLE OF ANTIBODIES IN DEFENDING AGAINST
DISEASE:
ANTIBODIES are made by
a different kind of
_______ _______ cell.
The invading cell is
recognized as being
foreign because its
recognition sites or
________ are different
from the cells normally
found in the body.
Antibodies are _______ to
particular antigens as
they fit over them to stop
them working and so lots
of different types are
needed.
VESSELS – STRUCTURE V. FUNCTION
 Arteries have thick _____________ walls in order to
squeeze the blood along the vessels. They also have a
__________ lumen in order to maintain _________
pressure and are _____________ in order to stop them
from rupturing with the force from the blood.
 Veins have __________ in order to stop the
_______________ of blood. The blood inside is under
_________ pressure and therefore the walls do not need to
be as __________ as those of the arteries. They have a
large __________ to allow the blood to flow quickly and
rely on ___________ muscles close to the veins to help
push the blood back towards the heart.
 Capillaries are ______ cell thick in order to allow effective
________ to occur. They are very small in order that they
may get close to each __________.
THE HEART:
CORE
BLOOD:
The function of the heart is to pump
blood around the body.
It is mainly made of muscle.
BLOOD VESSELS:
VEINS
ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES
Blood is made up of blood cells and
fragments floating in a yellow, watery
liquid.
The four components are:
PLASMA is the liquid part of the blood. It
transports many substances around the
body including glucose, carbon dioxide,
hormones and antibodies.
RED BLOOD CELLS carry oxygen around
the body, attached to a pigment called
haemoglobin.
Their structure suits their function
because: Biconcave = large SA
 No nucleus  more Hb
WHITE BLOOD CELLS prevent microbes
spreading in the body. They can engulf
and digest microorganisms OR they can
make antibodies.
PLATELETS are cell fragments and help
the blood to clot.
Veins carry
blood towards
the heart
Valves? YES
Thin walls
Very low blood
pressure
Blood mainly
deoxygenated
Arteries carry
blood away
from the heart
Valves? NO
Thick walls
High blood
pressure
Blood mainly
oxygenated
Capillaries connect
arteries and veins
Valves? NO
Very thin walls
Low blood pressure
Blood changes from
oxygenated to
deoxygenated
as it passes through
the organ
CIRCULATION:
N.B. Valves stop the
backflow of blood.
The circulatory system is
made up of the heart, blood
vessels and blood.
Its function is to transport
substances around the
body. e.g. glucose, oxygen,
urea, carbon dioxide etc
N.B.
ARTERIES GO AWAY
VEINS HAVE VALVES
Label the heart using the following words:
VENA CAVA, AORTA, VALVE, LEFT ATRIUM,
LEFT VENTRICLE, RIGHT ATRIUM, RIGHT
VENTRICLE, PULMONARY ARTERY,
PULMONARY VEIN
Label which side carries DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD and the side that carries OXYGENATED
BLOOD.
What are the name of the blood
vessels which supply blood to the
heart muscle itself?
CORONARY ARTERIES
PROBLEMS:
Which part of the heart can become
blocked with fat and cholesterol to cause
heart disease and attacks?
CORONARY ARTERIES
What can be done to prevent this?
1. No Smoking
2. Low fat diet
3. Exercise
4. Low cholesterol
EXTENSION
THE ROLE OF PHAGOCYTES IN DEFENDING AGAINST DISEASE:
Phagocytes are special kinds of white blood
cells.
When bacteria are present, they can change shape
and surround them.
The bacteria are then engulfed by the phagocyte and
then digested. Enzymes are used to break down the
bacteria in order that the nutrients can be absorbed
into the cytoplasm.
THE ROLE OF ANTIBODIES IN DEFENDING AGAINST
DISEASE:
ANTIBODIES are made by
a different kind
white
ANTIBODIES
are of
made
by a
different
kind of ________
blood cell.
_________
The invading cell is
cell.
recognized as being
The
invading
cell isits
foreign
because
recognized as being foreign
recognition sites or
because it’s recognition
antigens
are different
sites or ___________
are
from
the
cells
normally
different from the
cells
found
in found
the body.
normally
in the body.
Antibodies
are________
specific to
to
Antibodies are
particularantigens
antigens
particular
asas
they
fit
over
stopto
them
they
fitthem
over to
them
stop
working
and
so
lots
of
them working and so lots
different
types
are needed
of different
types
are .
needed.
VESSELS – STRUCTURE V. FUNCTION
 Arteries have thick muscular walls in order to squeeze the
blood along the vessels. They also have a small lumen in
order to maintain high pressure and are elastic in order to
stop them from rupturing with the force from the blood.
 Veins have valves in order to stop the backflow of blood.
The blood inside is under low pressure and therefore the
walls do not need to be as elastic as those of the arteries.
They have a large lumen to allow the blood to flow quickly
and rely on skeletal muscles close to the veins to help
push the blood back towards the heart.
 Capillaries are one cell thick in order to allow effective
diffusion to occur. They are very small in order that they
may get close to each cell.