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The association of sore throat and psoriasis might be explained by
The association of sore throat and psoriasis might be explained by

... (PST) had been selected for a clinical trial on the basis that they had a history of worsening of their skin disease following throat infection [19]. Thus, we found that bacteria could be cultured from the tonsils of both groups with 68% of PST tonsils and 44% of RT tonsils positive for one or more ...
Passive transport disrupts directional path integration
Passive transport disrupts directional path integration

... Stackman, Robert W., Edward J. Golob, Joshua P. Bassett, and Jeffrey S. Taube. Passive transport disrupts directional path integration by rat head direction cells. J Neurophysiol 90: 2862–2874, 2003. First published July 30, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00346.2003. A subset of neurons in the rat limbic system e ...
Dynamic regulation of the GABAA receptor function by redox
Dynamic regulation of the GABAA receptor function by redox

... short-lived cell signaling molecule. However, at high concentrations NO can be a neurotoxic agent producing neuronal injury and apoptotic cell death (Garthwaite, 2008; Hardingham et al., 2013). NO effects are mainly mediated by activation of a soluble guanylyl cyclase that leads to increased cGMP le ...
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell

... by PCR the rat homologue of CD6 and biochemical analysis showed that CD6 interacts with CD5 at the surface of T lymphocytes and that the fraction of CD5 associated with CD6 was highly phosphorylated in kinase assays, in marked contrast with the low level of phosphorylation of CD5 associated with eit ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in

... diol-esters (Ishii et al., 1999; O’Neill et al., 2001; O’Neill et al., 2004). The non-cross-linked pectins, which are presumably most abundant at the extreme apex of the cell, render the wall extensible, whereas Ca2+ and borate cross-linking, which probably occurs primarily on the flanks of the apic ...
Eph/ephrin signaling maintains the boundary of
Eph/ephrin signaling maintains the boundary of

... and establishment and maintenance of tissue boundaries during embryonic development can be accomplished via different mechanisms, including differential cell adhesion, differential interfacial tension and repulsion/contact inhibition (Batlle and Wilkinson, 2012; Fagotto, 2014). Notably, the Eph/ephr ...
Grasshopper Dissection
Grasshopper Dissection

... The Top of the Invertebrate Ladder --- the Insects: The grasshopper belongs to the highest and most complicated group of invertebrate animals, the insects. If we compare our old friend, the earthworm with the grasshopper, we can quickly see how much they resemble each other. For example, the grassho ...
Methods_Mol._Biol._591_185-199
Methods_Mol._Biol._591_185-199

... cover slip of, for example, the wrong thickness can introduce (spherical) aberrations into the imaging process which degrade resolution. Consult the manufacturer of your objective lens about which cover slip to use. 2. Mowiol is a solution of polyvinyl alcohol. It hardens over some days and can be m ...
Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal
Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal

... growth [see Frost and Lang (31) for a more comprehensive review on this topic]. Serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB is a well-established target of PI3K, and Akt/PKB phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) leads to its inhibition and an increase in global protein synthesis through increase ...
fuel cell power for vehicles - University of Michigan Transportation
fuel cell power for vehicles - University of Michigan Transportation

... ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc. has more than 30 years’ experience in designing and manufacturing high-purity polymers for special high-technology applications such as fuel cells. The company’s KYNAR® PVDF fuel cell-grade polymers are well suited for proton exchange membranes, molded bi-polar plates, and co ...
Platelet estimation by peripheral smear
Platelet estimation by peripheral smear

... There was fair concordance in 27  specimens. In three specimens underestimation was found, overestimation in five. A  cross-sectional study conducted in National Centre for Public Health Laboratories of Aden yemen, Bakhubaira11 found that the mean platelet count estimated by manual method was not si ...
Synapse-Specific, Long-Term Facilitation of Aplysia
Synapse-Specific, Long-Term Facilitation of Aplysia

... the serotonin solution. Very low pressure (approximately 1 lb/in2) was used to deliver the serotonin, and the bulk flow was adjusted such that the serotonin produced a cloud that covered much of the initial axon segment. Since the initial segment is where most synapses made by the sensory neurons on ...
Mechanisms of liver allograft rejection in man
Mechanisms of liver allograft rejection in man

... Cambridge theory that class 1 mismatches may be important in the irreversible rejection of the VBDS [SO, 5 11. So et al. [67] have demonstrated, using a murine mixed lymphocyte/hepatocyte culture system, that cytolytic lymphocytes can inhibit hepatocyte functions, such as protein synthesis, without ...
Sharing In The Swap Shop - Memes, Groups and Altruism
Sharing In The Swap Shop - Memes, Groups and Altruism

... satisficing learners. Another approach applies selective mimicry from a spatial "neighbourhood" based on maximum payoff (Nowak & May 1992). Although elegant, and able to produce cooperation, neither can produce sustained altruism - where individual needs are driven by the needs of a group to the ind ...
document
document

... (bristle-like structures), used for movement, anchorage, or burrowing ...
Somatic Embryogenesis
Somatic Embryogenesis

... The greatest interest of somatic embryos is centred in its practical application for large-scale vegetative propagation, particularly because of the possibility to scale up the propagation by using bioreactors. In most cases, somatic embryos or embryogenic cultures can be cryopreserved, which makes ...
What is SN PER® i 
What is SN PER® i 

... o SNiPER® Solution produces only the amount of CLO2 that is required to penetrate the cell wall and affect a kill of the target. The process is halted when the target Bacterial/Spore or VOC is eliminated o It does this with a 2000 ppm per volume potential at the start of the process, with residual p ...
Annexins: multifunctional components of growth and adaptation
Annexins: multifunctional components of growth and adaptation

... organization, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell cycle control, and water permeability (Gerke and Moss, 2002; Hill et al., 2003; Gerke et al., 2005). Analogous functions in plants could place annexins centre stage in signalling and adaptation. They are already implicated in cold, oxidative, saline, and abs ...
fess and what the radiologist needs to know
fess and what the radiologist needs to know

... • Inflammatory polyps fills the nasal cavity and sinuses bilaterally – see mixture of previously mentioned patterns 6. Sporadic pattern • Random inflammatory changes ...
Molecular Structure and Physiological Function of Chloride Channels
Molecular Structure and Physiological Function of Chloride Channels

... Quite surprisingly, it is the only member of the large gene family of ABC transporters that is known to function as an ion channel. Finally, the largest known family of Cl⫺ channels is formed by the ligand-gated GABA- and glycine-receptor Cl⫺ channels. These subunits have four transmembrane domains ...
Full Text  - Molecular Cancer Research
Full Text - Molecular Cancer Research

... of DNA damage. Mice and humans with inactivating mutations in ATM are viable but have increased susceptibility to cancers. The possible role of ATM in limiting cell proliferation in early embryos has not been fully defined. One target of ATM and CHKs is the Cdc25 phosphatase, which facilitates cell-c ...
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for

... signaling (25), or a combination of pathways. Decreased phosphorylation of various signaling molecules, such as Erk, Vav, PLCγ and PI3 kinase (PI3K), has been reported (21, 24), but these molecules are common effectors shared by both the TCR and costimulatory pathways and also may not be direct targ ...
Retinoic acid and chick limb bud development
Retinoic acid and chick limb bud development

... Summary The chick limb bud is a powerful experimental system in which to study pattern formation in vertebrate embryos. Exogenously applied retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, can bring about changes in pattern and, on several grounds, is a good candidate for an endogenous morphogen. As such, the ...
Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium: Ultrastructural and
Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium: Ultrastructural and

... with macroscopic differential staining. Occlusion of two small coronary arteries in the same heart followed by reperfusion of only one artery (identical occlusion times for both arteries) showed identical infarct sizes for reperfused and nonreperfused myocardium for occlusion times of 3 and 6 hours. ...
Integrated Immune and Cardiovascular Function in Pancrustacea
Integrated Immune and Cardiovascular Function in Pancrustacea

... acinar cells produce humoral immune factors, some of which affect the viability of the pathogen (Ferrandon et al. 1998; Pinto et al. 2008). The fat body is composed of loosely associated cells that line the insect’s integument (Martins et al. 2011). Cells of the fat body, besides functioning in ener ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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