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Powerpoint sel
Powerpoint sel

... Chapter 2 : Cell as a Unit of Life 2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body  The types and functions of human cells  Organisation of cells  The system of the human body and their functions 2.4 The Human Being − a Complex Organism  The human being − a complex organism ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... Chapter 2 : Cell as a Unit of Life 2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body  The types and functions of human cells  Organisation of cells  The system of the human body and their functions 2.4 The Human Being − a Complex Organism  The human being − a complex organism BM Version ...
32 Cell Division
32 Cell Division

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comparative geometry of cytomembranes and water-lipid

... In many cell organelles, membranes lie more or less parallel according to the stacking density. Examples are those of the ergastoplasm involved in the protein biosynthesis, the cristae of mitochondria. Chloroplasts, these organelles responsible for photosynthesis in green plant cells, are limited by ...
Circulation in Animals
Circulation in Animals

... Diagram showing inter-relationship between artery, vein and capillary The closed blood vascular system is a very well developed system This is so because, a) The organisms have a thick body wall to prevent the evaporation of water, so exchange of materials between the body cells and the environment ...
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation

... Diagram showing inter-relationship between artery, vein and capillary The closed blood vascular system is a very well developed system This is so because, a) The organisms have a thick body wall to prevent the evaporation of water, so exchange of materials between the body cells and the environment ...
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細菌性食品中毒分類

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chapter-11-functional-organization-of-nervous

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Fertilization & Development

... The embryo develops in the uterus. The eggs of mammals have little yolk and are therefore very small. Within the uterus, an organ called the placenta is formed from the embryonic and maternal tissues. The placenta is where the exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs between the m ...
The Scientific Study of Life
The Scientific Study of Life

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A Small, Novel Protein Highly Conserved in Plants and Animals
A Small, Novel Protein Highly Conserved in Plants and Animals

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Section III
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... This is a glycolytic enzyme present in significant quantities in skeletal and heart muscle. Skeletal muscle damage results in high levels of aldolase, particularly in muscular dystrophy. The aldolase level does not rise in neurogenic disease such as muscular atrophy, myasthenia gravis and multiple s ...
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Dictyostelium morphogenesis

... One of the central aims of the study of development is to understand how distinct cellular behaviours (e.g. division, differentiation, apoptosis and movement) are coordinated in space and in time to result in reproducible pattern formation and morphogenesis. Coordination of these cellular behaviours ...
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... 2) Other turbellarians have well-developed gonads linked to complex copulatory organs by a series of ducts modified for diverse functions. a) There are more testes than ovaries. b) Each testis is linked via a fine VAS EFFERENS to a common VAS DEFERENS, which expands to form SPERMIDUCTAL VESICLE in w ...
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Adhesion molecules in cancer invasion and metastasis

... angiogenic responses both in vitro and in vivo experimental test systems 12-14. Such molecules should be liberated at the site of cancer development, possibly by the cleavage of cell-associated receptors through the activity of cancer-derived proteases, and then the contribution of adhesion molecule ...
Cellular Structure and Function
Cellular Structure and Function

... The answer to these questions is clear once you know how a cell functions. To carry out life processes, a cell must be able to quickly pass substances into and out of the cell. For example, it must be able to pass nutrients and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell. Anything that e ...
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(From the Section on Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of

... slower (Text-fig. 3). Alanine, proline, and serine were inactive, as were a number of Krebs cycle intermediates and congeners (Table II). The Effect of Glycine on the Growth of Monkey Kidney Cdls.--in a limiting medium containing only the 28 components essential for growth (13 of which were the esse ...
Characterization of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells
Characterization of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells

... unclear whether MM plasma cells have the proliferative capacity required for the initiation, maintenance, and progression of clinical disease. On the other hand, cells phenotypically resembling mature B cells and sharing immunoglobulin gene sequences and idiotype specificity with MM plasma cells hav ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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