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Bacteria - St Paul`s School Intranet
Bacteria - St Paul`s School Intranet

... Plants are multicellular organisms – they contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis; they have cellulose cell walls; they store carbohydrate as starch. Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereals (for example maize) and legumes (for example peas or beans). Plant cell wal ...
3 Unit 1
3 Unit 1

... • Can transport up a concentration gradient • Critical for moving important ions • Major active transport in most cells = ...
Mary Ann Thompson Arildsen, M
Mary Ann Thompson Arildsen, M

...  In the Translational Research Laboratory, I have continued to involve residents in projects involving the role of microRNA expression in the pathogenesis of leukemias and lymphomas. We have focused on identifying targets for microRNAs that we have previously identified as having altered expression ...
Chapter 8. Movement across the Membrane
Chapter 8. Movement across the Membrane

... Membrane Proteins  Proteins determine most of membrane’s specific functions ...
Chapter Eight: Cardiovascular System
Chapter Eight: Cardiovascular System

... this is called the pulmonary circulation. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle of the heart and travels through the pulmonary artery (blue) to the lungs where the blood is oxygenated. Blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins (red). The other main c ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I OBJECTIVES 1. Name the two
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I OBJECTIVES 1. Name the two

... Threshold potentional-When the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron is depolarized to -55mV Action potential- An action potential represents the start of a nerve impulse in one small portion of the neuron's membrane. = sodium channels opening and sodium ions rushing in. Nerve Impulse- the pr ...
2 StainsInMicro
2 StainsInMicro

... types of light microscopy have been invented to create better contrast stains are more frequently used to visualize cells in the lab. Stains or dyes colorize the cells or the background so they can be more clearly observed. The prokaryotic cell wall and membrane is composed of phospholipid bilayers, ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

... •Structures within a eukaryotic cell ...
Breaking Down the Complex Regulatory Web
Breaking Down the Complex Regulatory Web

... bryophyte relatives. Lignin is one of the most difficult biopolymers to degrade, making it an excellent barrier to pests and pathogens. Unfortunately, lignin also interferes with efforts to extract sugars from plant cellulose to convert them to biofuels, and it represents the major barrier to effici ...
Introduction to Basic, Hypothalamic, and Hypophysial Endocrinology
Introduction to Basic, Hypothalamic, and Hypophysial Endocrinology

... What is a hormone? A molecule that functions as a message within an organism; its only function is to convey information. Because of this function, physical descriptions of a chemical suspected of being a hormone are not adequate to indicate the molecule's physiological role. A molecule is a hormon ...
Roseoloviruses manipulate host cell cycle - HHV
Roseoloviruses manipulate host cell cycle - HHV

... of genes containing in their promoters the E2F binding site. These include the E2F binding sites in the U27, U74 and U79 promoters which are conserved in the HHV-6A and HHV-6B genomes. A comparison between HHV-6A and HHV-6B regarding the expression of these genes, in primary infection as well as fol ...
II. EFFECTS OF ANTI-Ia SERA ON MITOGENIC RESPONSES
II. EFFECTS OF ANTI-Ia SERA ON MITOGENIC RESPONSES

... Antisera. Anti-Ia sera were prepared, as previously described, by reciprocal immunization of A.TH (H-2 ~) and A.TL (H-2 tl) mice (2). A.TH anti-A.TL (Ia k) and A.TL anti-A.TH (Ia ~) sera have been extensively characterized by cytotoxic and absorption tests and are specific f o r / - r e g i o n dete ...
Divergent and convergent evolution in
Divergent and convergent evolution in

... metastases that govern this molecular divergence and examine their potential contribution to variations in response to targeted therapies. Methodology: Darwinian interactions of transformed cells with the tissue microenvironments at primary and metastatic sites are analyzed using evolutionary game t ...
Intermediate 1 Biology
Intermediate 1 Biology

... capillaries. Capillaries allow nutrients and oxygen to pass from the blood to the tissues and allow carbon dioxide and other wastes to leave tissues. The capillaries join up with one another to form large vessels called veins. Veins return blood to the heart. Diagrams of artery, capillary and vein ...
Human Organ Systems
Human Organ Systems

... Other parts of the lymphatic system include the spleen, thymus and bone marrow. A clear fluid called lymph flows through the lymph vessels. It contains white blood cells called lymphocytes, special proteins called antibodies, and some waste products. Lymphocytes and antibodies are important parts of ...
EXP 501 Hallmark Pap
EXP 501 Hallmark Pap

... Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is a mediator of adaptive response to a stressor. This occurs by increasing mRNA transcription and DNA repair (2). There are also other Calcium dependent pathways in which Calcineurin (Cn) signals other factors that play a crucial role in hypertrophic response ...
Contribution of the Plasma Membrane and Central Vacuole in the
Contribution of the Plasma Membrane and Central Vacuole in the

... The GFP(S65T)-AtVam3p/T-DNA vector and the plasmids pKY101 and pMAT (gamma-VM23)-sGFP were used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco cells (Matsuoka and Nakamura 1991) in order to prepare cells expressing GFP-AtVam3p, sporamin-GFP and gamma-VM23GFP fusion proteins, respectively. In m ...
coronary endarteritis in acute c rheumatism
coronary endarteritis in acute c rheumatism

... to ten minutes and was accompanied by vomiting. Later these attacks of pain became less frequent but increased in number again in the last few days before death, which occurred a month after admission. The temperature varied from 1000 F. to 1010 F. until a week before death when it dropped and remai ...
Animal Basics, Vertebrates, and Invertebrates
Animal Basics, Vertebrates, and Invertebrates

... • Eukaryotic cells with no cell wall or chloroplasts • Heterotrophs by ingestion (digest food inside their bodies) • Bodies are made of diploid cells (gametes are the only haploid cells) • Glucose stored as glycogen (a polysaccharide only found in animals) • Most are mobile at some point in their li ...
An Overview of the Muscle Cell Cytoskeleton
An Overview of the Muscle Cell Cytoskeleton

... Fritz, J.D.; Greaser, M.L. 1991. Changes in titin and nebulin in postmortem bovine muscle revealed by gel electrophoresis, western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. J. Food Sci. (in press). Goldstein, M.A.; Cartwright, J. Jr. 1982. Microtubules in adult mammalian muscle. In "Cell and Muscl ...
Statistical Analysis of the Patterns of Spore Formation
Statistical Analysis of the Patterns of Spore Formation

... 1978). Once spore formation has started, the process passes through several morphologically distinct states (Ryter, 1965). At stages 0 and I the sporangium is practically indistinguishable from a vegetative cell. Stage I1 is the formation of the prespore septum, and stage 111is the subsequent engulf ...
Lungs - Global2
Lungs - Global2

... o The lungs are a very important part of the body. If we didn’t have air our body would die. o Here are a couple of problems with the lungs that can be caused by Asthma smoking and a couple other things. o The lungs are the main organ in our body. The lung on the left is smaller than the one on the ...
Initiation mass of S. pombe
Initiation mass of S. pombe

... When a culture of cells is grown under steady-state conditions, each cell goes through the same cell cycle over and over again, within certain limits of variation. The occurrence of DNA replication, mitosis and cell separation at defined times and at a defined mass under a given set of conditions re ...
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)

... Uses the peritoneal membrane as the filter. The membrane covers the abdominal organs and lines the abdominal wall. The membrane size is 1 – 2 m2 and approximates the body surface area. Uses the following principles: Diffusion: movement of solutes across the peritoneal membrane from an area of higher ...
Microbial Discovery Activity
Microbial Discovery Activity

... bioremediation). Modifications could also include having students model horizontal gene transfer through conjugation or transduction of antibiotic resistance or toxin genes, etc., whose phenotype could be identified as contributing to virulence. Although these scenarios are based on the activities o ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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