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The Plant Secretory Pathway: An Essential
The Plant Secretory Pathway: An Essential

... traffic, and they are required for membrane fusion which is accomplished upon formation of a trans-SNARE complex between SNAREs on target and donor membranes. At least 65 SNAREs exist in Arabidopsis (Kim and Brandizzi 2012), and each member of the diversified SNARE subfamilies has been suggested to ...
Guidleine on potency testing of cell based immunotherapy medicinal
Guidleine on potency testing of cell based immunotherapy medicinal

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Ordinal Position of Neurons in Cat Striate Cortex
Ordinal Position of Neurons in Cat Striate Cortex

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Biology 251 Fall 2015 1 TOPIC 8: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
Biology 251 Fall 2015 1 TOPIC 8: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS

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Geographic Information Systems - CEProfs
Geographic Information Systems - CEProfs

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Engineering microfluidic concentration gradient generators for
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Contents - Hodder Education
Contents - Hodder Education

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Physalis angulata induces in vitro differentiation of murine bone

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AQA Level 1/2 Certificate in Biology Specification Specification
AQA Level 1/2 Certificate in Biology Specification Specification

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Chapter 5:Histology - Palm Beach State College
Chapter 5:Histology - Palm Beach State College

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True or False Questions - TDSB School Web Site List
True or False Questions - TDSB School Web Site List

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diffusion - Science @ St John`s
diffusion - Science @ St John`s

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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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