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Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial
Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial

... contact sites was first proposed by Hackenbrock 1968. In this study, isolated mitochondria were diluted into a buffer of high osmolarity, which leads to the extrusion of water and shrinking of the mitochondrial matrix compartment. Electron microscopy images showed that, under these conditions, the i ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila

... scrib, lgl, and dlg by comparing the subcellular localization of the gene products (8). Scrib and Dlg colocalized throughout development, in particular at the apical margin of the lateral membrane (ALM) of the embryonic epidermal epithelium (Fig. 5A). Colocalization at the ALM occurred after gastrul ...
Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads
Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads

... (PS), with some minor binding also to phosphatidylglycerol (PG), all in a Ca2⫹dependent fashion (Fig. 2B; see Fig. S2B and 3 in the supplemental material). Annexin 5 binding was weaker under the conditions assayed, but Ca2⫹-dependent binding to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PtdIns(4)P] and sulfa ...
Neuron Structure and Function
Neuron Structure and Function

... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
A Monoclonal Antibody against a Laminin
A Monoclonal Antibody against a Laminin

... experiments suggest that neural crest cells and growing axons both share some common cell surface receptor molecules, responsiveness to extracellular matrix components, and pathways of migration The role of the ECM in the outgrowth and regeneration of peripheral neurites has been the subject of man ...
A Trojan Horse in Drug Development: Targeting of Thapsigargins
A Trojan Horse in Drug Development: Targeting of Thapsigargins

... Prostate cancer at the T1 or T2 stage is often successfully treated by radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. In the Scandinavian countries, however, prostate cancer in these stages is not always treated, but the status of the patients is kept under close surveillance (watchful waiting). The rationa ...
special edition - The Mastocytosis Society
special edition - The Mastocytosis Society

... a benign skin disease representing the majority of pediatric cases. In 67-80% of pediatric cases seen, resolution will occur before or during puberty.5, 6 In pediatric cases, symptoms of mast cell mediator release may occur systemically as a result of mast cell mediators released from skin lesions. ...
Sister Chromatid Cohesion Control and Aneuploidy
Sister Chromatid Cohesion Control and Aneuploidy

... and Hunt, 2001]. Meiosis is characterized by a single round of DNA replication, followed by 2 rounds of chromosome segregation, to yield haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. Control of sister chromatid cohesion presents important differences between mitotic and meiotic cell cycles, which will be ...
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response

... starvation, autophagy may be a more general response to a variety of abiotic stress conditions. Exposure of Arabidopsis seedlings to oxidative stress, either by direct addition of H2O2 or by addition of methyl viologen (MV) to generate reactive oxygen via the photosynthetic electron transport chain, ...
PDF
PDF

... study of thymus organogenesis (Auerbach, 1960), embryonic thymus lobes from mice were dissociated into the epithelial primordium and the surrounding mesenchymal capsule, then cultured alone or combined with mesenchyme from various embryonic sources. The epithelial primordium failed to develop in the ...
Full and Partial Agonists of Muscarinic M3 Receptors Reveal Single
Full and Partial Agonists of Muscarinic M3 Receptors Reveal Single

... of these noradrenaline-evoked Ca2⫹ signals (e.g., at 10 ␮M phentolamine, the pEC50 value was 6.31 ⫾ 0.32 and the Emax value was 117.6 ⫾ 3.8% of the response in the absence of phentolamine; n ⫽ 4). Atenolol, over the range of 10 nM to 10 ␮M, caused a concentration-dependent dextral shift of the norad ...
Induction of MicroRNA-1 by Myocardin in Smooth Muscle Cells
Induction of MicroRNA-1 by Myocardin in Smooth Muscle Cells

... muscle–specific gene expression,3,5 and it also strongly represses the proliferation of SMCs when overexpressed.7,29 We have previously generated a stable cell line through T-REx tetracycline-regulated system to overexpress Flagtagged myocardin in human aortic SMCs.7 Addition of 1 ␮g/mL doxycycline ...
Shape and position of the node and notochord along
Shape and position of the node and notochord along

... interactions among cells and tissues derived from every germ layer. Thus the position, shape and function of each organ and structure are important and ultimately depend on interactions of cells with their extracellular microenvironment. For example, deletion of laminin c1, a component of 10 laminin ...
Funguslike Protists
Funguslike Protists

... Use Target Reading Skills As you read, make an outline about protists that you can use for review. Use the red section headings for the main topics and blue headings for the subtopics. Protists I. What is a protist? II. Animal-like protists A. Protozoans with pseudopods ...
Unyielding Progress: Carotid Stenting Cases From Millard Fillmore
Unyielding Progress: Carotid Stenting Cases From Millard Fillmore

... procedure and expose the patient to an increased risk of embolic events.23 In case 2, the aortic arch allows straightforward access to both carotid arteries (Figure 8). With straightforward access, an acceptable landing zone, and an uncomplicated stenotic lesion, distal embolic protection is a reaso ...
Rb is required for progression through myogenic differentiation but
Rb is required for progression through myogenic differentiation but

... by 32P end-labeled PCR genotyping and Western blot analysis (Fig. 4, A and B). Our method of 32P end-labeled PCR genotyping was capable of detecting an Rbflox:Rbexcised allele ratio as low as 104 when amplified from 20 ng of total DNA (unpublished data). Moreover, pRb protein was below the level of ...
Squid Dissection Lab
Squid Dissection Lab

... assure that water enters only through the two inhalant siphons and exits only via the funnel. This provides the necessary power for swimming and insures that clean water will flow over the gills before it reaches the genital pore, kidney pores, ink sac, and anus. The funnel can be aimed by the squid ...
Unit 2 Homework Booklet [pdf 5MB]
Unit 2 Homework Booklet [pdf 5MB]

... The effect of the concentration of lead ethanoate on this reaction was investigated. 10 g of apple tissue was cut up, added to 10cm3 of distilled water and then liquidised and filtered. This produced an extract containing both catechol and catechol oxidase. Test tubes were set up as described in Tab ...
Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles
Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles

... key metabolites are temporally restricted to several longevitydefining periods; the term “checkpoints” has been coined to describe these critical periods in yeast chronological lifespan (Burstein et al., 2012; Kyryakov et al., 2012; Arlia-Ciommo et al., 2014a; Beach et al., 2015a,b) (Figure 1). Most ...
Document
Document

... chapter six ...
Cell fate specification and polarisation in mouse preimplantation
Cell fate specification and polarisation in mouse preimplantation

... to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differentiating cells known as embryoid bodies. The outermost cell layer of an embryoid body is an epithelial cell type comparable to the primitive endoderm. Embryoid bodies were used ...
cIAP-1 Controls Innate Immunity to C. pneumoniae Pulmonary
cIAP-1 Controls Innate Immunity to C. pneumoniae Pulmonary

... bodies (EB) to epithelial cells. This is followed by a unique biphasic life cycle in which EBs differentiate into the non-virulent and metabolic active form called reticulate bodies (RBs) [1]. C. pneumoniae infects cell types other than epithelial cells in the course of infection, such as endothelia ...
Loss of MicroRNAs in Neural Crest Leads to Cardiovascular
Loss of MicroRNAs in Neural Crest Leads to Cardiovascular

... rise to many cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, chondrocytes, melanocytes, and neurons.12 Cranial NCCs, a subset of NCCs, which migrate into 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches (PAs), give rise to cranial ganglia, the maxilla, and the mandible, as well as muscle and cartilage of the head ...
Theoretical analysis of the stages in bacterial lag phase
Theoretical analysis of the stages in bacterial lag phase

... extra energy and survive, which also produces a decrease in the bacterial mass. Consequently, a decrease in the mean mass is found in bacterial cultures during the stationary phase, even though the total biomass and number of bacteria are conserved. To summarize: 1. Cultures in the exponential growt ...
Evidence That Ternary Complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNAi
Evidence That Ternary Complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNAi

... were a gift from Dr. Randal Kaufman (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI). The coding region of each plasmid was cloned in frame into the pMT2-HA vector by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy. The coding region was amplified from PETF-VAeIF2␣wt or PETF-VA-eIF2S51D mutant for 30 cycles ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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