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Comparison of cryofixation and aldehyde fixation for plant actin
Comparison of cryofixation and aldehyde fixation for plant actin

... In chemical fixation, there is the serious danger that aldehydes may damage the antigenicity of some epitopes and hence impair their binding of antibodies. Actin is traditionally considered as one of the most sensitive structures to aldehydes (Lehrer 1981) and the early difficulties of visualizing F ...
Mineral Nutrition
Mineral Nutrition

... amino acids, enzymes, hormones, etc. In short they build up the protoplasm. Deficiency of either Co2 or water cause retardation of growth. Apart from being a structural element, hydrogen in he form of H+ ions is highly important. (i). the concentration of H+ ion determines the PH. PH value influence ...
Photosynthetic acclimation in the context of structural constraints to
Photosynthetic acclimation in the context of structural constraints to

... The level of sink activity in a plant contributes to modulation of photosynthesis rates: when there is a high level of carbohydrate utilization during rapid growth, photosynthesis rates are high, whereas photosynthesis is often downregulated when sink activity is lowered, e.g., if active sinks such ...
Developmentally Controlled Farnesylation
Developmentally Controlled Farnesylation

... weakly by PFT using [3H]GGPP, because the enzyme is somewhat promiscuous for GGPP (Trueblood et al., 1993; Lane and Beese, 2006). Mutation of the conserved Cys farnesyl acceptor in the CKQQ motif to Ser (AtNAP1;1C369S) confirmed that farnesylation required a functional farnesylation motif. Among the ...
White Paper: Backhaul Security for Wi-Fi and Small Cells
White Paper: Backhaul Security for Wi-Fi and Small Cells

... same security architecture across public and private domain small cells as well as the same physical equipment, providing it is able to scale sufficiently to support hundreds of thousands or even millions of subscribers. There are reasons why some operators might want to forego the benefits of shari ...
Folie 1 - uni
Folie 1 - uni

... We hypothesize that the trans-pathway regulation via miRNAs creates synthetic interactions and is a common mechanism of cells to keep phenotypes under control, and that perturbations in key elements of the regulated pathways could be exploited to improve therapy ...
cell cycle
cell cycle

... regulated by a molecular control system  The frequency of cell division varies with the type of cell  These differences result from regulation at the molecular level  Cancer cells manage to escape the usual controls on the cell cycle ...
Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange
Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange

... If a pipe's diameter changes over its length, a fluid will flow through narrower segments of the pipe faster than it flows through wider segments. ...
File - Mizzou Pre
File - Mizzou Pre

... - Ion channels: passage of ions across membrane. Called gated channels in nerve and muscle cells, respond to stimuli. Note that these can be voltage-gated (respond to difference in membrane potential), ligand-gated (chemical binds and opens channel), or mechanically-gated (respond to pressure, vibra ...
ABIM_Nephrology
ABIM_Nephrology

... ABPM is warranted for evaluation of “white coat HTN” in the absence of target organ injury. ABPM values are lower than clinic settings. Awake, individuals with HTN have an average value >135/85 mm Hg and during sleep >120/75mm Hg. Bp drops by 10-20% during the night, and if not then it may signal CV ...
respirotory practicle
respirotory practicle

...  The vestibules : are lined with a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. Hairs , which filter large particulate matter out of the airstream, and sebaceous glands are also present.  Conchae are bony, shelflike projections from the lateral wall within the nasal cavity, the middle and inferior ...
عرض تقديمي من PowerPoint
عرض تقديمي من PowerPoint

... A 70-year-old women presents with slowly increasing dyspnoea. She cannot lie flat without feeling more short of breath. She has a history of HTN and osteoarthritis, and she has been taking NSAIDs with increasing frequency over the previous few months. On physical examination, she appears dyspnoeic a ...
Expression of PSA-RP2, an alternatively spliced
Expression of PSA-RP2, an alternatively spliced

... (pro-PSA) and post-translationally generated variants (BPSA) have been mooted as potentially useful adjunct biomarkers (Linton et al., 2003; Khan et al., 2004; Mikolajczyk et al., 2004). To determine its potential relevance to prostate cancer, we first assessed PSA-RP2 gene expression in patient tis ...
File
File

... Refers to the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in the alveolar (pulmonary) capillaries.  Recall that the two structures are, at most, 0.2 micrometers apart and that each of them possess walls that are only one cell thick – excellent conditions for efficient exchange.  Trans ...
The Plant Host–Pathogen Interface Cell Wall and Membrane
The Plant Host–Pathogen Interface Cell Wall and Membrane

... factors.2,3 In the absence of the cognate resistance (R) proteins, effectors can function to disable host basal defenses and to release nutrients from host cells, rendering the host susceptible to pathogen proliferation. However, if these effectors are recognized by plant surveillance systems, usual ...
Kingdoms and Domains
Kingdoms and Domains

... Bacteria and Archaea • Are all microscopic, unicellular  organisms. • Cells are simple with no nucleus or  membrane bound organelles. • Both domains contain the  prokaryotes. ...
Dormancy and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells
Dormancy and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells

... tumor has been treated. The factors that stimulate dormant metastases to grow are not known, but bone metastases are often associated with skeletal trauma. We used a dormancy model of MDA-MB-231BRMS1, a metastasis-suppressed human breast cancer cell line, co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts in a l ...
Activity 1 - how does the immune system work
Activity 1 - how does the immune system work

... The immune system did not evolve to stop humans carrying out organ transplants. Instead we evolved it over millions of years to stop us being invaded and attacked by a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. Some pathogens are microscopic (‘microbes’) and some are not (loosely called ‘paras ...
Lipid bylayers and Membranes
Lipid bylayers and Membranes

... small molecules through biological membranes namely lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them. • The regulation of passage through the membrane is due to selective membrane permeability. • The movements of most solutes through the membrane are mediated by membrane transport proteins whic ...
933 - Scope, Sequence, and Coordination
933 - Scope, Sequence, and Coordination

... By Brad Lear. Reprinted with permission from “Autumn Leaves,” ChemMatters, October 1986, pp. 7– 10. Copyright 1986 American Chemical Society. ...
The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs
The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs

... characterized mutations in two genes: ceh-20, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Extradenticle (Exd/Pbx); and unc-62, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Homothorax (Hth/Meis/Prep). Like Hox mutations, mutations in these co-factors influence multiple ce ...
Section 1 Lactation Physiology
Section 1 Lactation Physiology

...  Milk osmolarity generally equals blood and the pH of 6.2-7.0. ...
The importance of foetal movement for co
The importance of foetal movement for co

... the skeletal elements, and are affected when movement is altered. Cell contacts to the extracellular matrix as well as the cytoskeleton offer a means of mechanotransduction which could integrate mechanical cues with genetic regulation. Indeed, expression of cytoskeletal genes has been shown to be af ...
Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for theTreatment of
Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for theTreatment of

... the best way to measure the efficacy of these new therapies. Traditionally, the effectiveness of cancer agents is measured by tumor shrinkage. Tumor response is usually defined as tumor shrinkage by at least 50%. If cancer stem cells are resistant to therapy and make up a very small percentage of ce ...
File - fiserscience.com
File - fiserscience.com

... pressure of oxygen and a lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide than the blood in the pulmonary capillaries • This accounts for the exchange of gases in the lungs • The opposite occurs in the tissues of the body ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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