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The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs
The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs

... characterized mutations in two genes: ceh-20, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Extradenticle (Exd/Pbx); and unc-62, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Homothorax (Hth/Meis/Prep). Like Hox mutations, mutations in these co-factors influence multiple ce ...
Notochord morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis
Notochord morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis

... move only when it experiences forces from neighboring contractile cells. For example, at a node where one cell is protrusively active while the remaining two cells are contractile, the node will be pulled in the direction of the net contractile forces produced by the two nonprotruding cells. In this ...
SASEC2015 Third Southern African Solar Energy Conference 11 – 13 May 2015
SASEC2015 Third Southern African Solar Energy Conference 11 – 13 May 2015

... such as cracks, broken fingers and broken cells[8]. For this reason it is extensively integrated into module production lines and module testing systems and highlights features that are missed during visual inspection[9]. The EL images can be quantitatively assessed in order to determine the resisti ...
VI. Blood is a connective tissue with cells suspended in plasma
VI. Blood is a connective tissue with cells suspended in plasma

... The exchange of materials (whether nutrients, gases, or waste products) between an organism and its environment must take place across a moist cell membrane. • The molecules must be dissolved in water in order to diffuse or be transported across the membrane. • In protozoans, the entire external sur ...
Partitioning of nutrient transport processes in roots
Partitioning of nutrient transport processes in roots

... processes between different cell types is thus essential for roots to function effectively. This partitioning is considered at the level of proteins, organelles and cells in relation to the accepted concepts of how nutrients are taken up by roots and delivered to the xylem. Using K+ as an example, t ...
11-13-12 Meiosis FILL IN THE BLANK NOTES
11-13-12 Meiosis FILL IN THE BLANK NOTES

... ________________– are cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtubule fibers that are involved in _________________________________________________________________. ___________________- two cylindrical cellular structures that form at the poles of a cell during meiosis. ...
Principles of Bacterial Toxin Entry
Principles of Bacterial Toxin Entry

... Members of a second group of AB toxins access cytosolic substrates by exploiting membrane transport complexes located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Fig. 3). Upon entering their target cells, these toxins exploit one of several “retrograde” trafficking pathways destined for the ER. Within the lu ...
Lesson: 45 - 90 minutes Project: One
Lesson: 45 - 90 minutes Project: One

... *Note* You may want to tell them that there are two valves on the worksheet. They will get confused. Slide Eleven – Venice and circulatory system, same thing? Click each section individually and explain each part as it is on the slide. Slide Twelve – Slide Fourteen - There are different types of don ...
Developmental programmed cell death in plants Hideo Kuriyama
Developmental programmed cell death in plants Hideo Kuriyama

... Plants employ PCD mechanisms for the expression of tissue and organ functions, and for efficient nutrition and reproduction [7]. Plant PCD occurs in senescent leaves and petals, in germinating seed tissues (such as aleurone layers and embryonic suspensors), in the xylem of vascular bundles, in the t ...
Foundations - Cells, organelles and cell boundaries
Foundations - Cells, organelles and cell boundaries

... The 2 major classes of cells are defined by the presence or absence of a nucleus; Eukaryotic (with nucleus) and Prokaryotic (without nucleus). Eukaryotes can be further divided into unicellular (only one cell, like prokaryotes) and multicellular (like us) organisms. ...
Components and Structure
Components and Structure

... The variations in peripheral proteins and carbohydrates that aect a cell's recognition sites are of prime interest in immunology. These changes are taken into consideration in vaccine development. Many infectious diseases, such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, and tetanus, were conquered by the use ...
The Effects of the Herbal Enzyme Bromelain Against Breast Cancer
The Effects of the Herbal Enzyme Bromelain Against Breast Cancer

... Guimaraes-Ferreira et al., Bromelain inhibited metastasis-associated platelet aggregation and tumor cell invasiveness in the B16F10 murine (mouse) melanoma cell line. Bromelain is also one of a few herbs that can increase eicosanoid production. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules generally derived f ...
LEAVES PRIMITIVE VASCULAR PLANTS CONSISTED OF
LEAVES PRIMITIVE VASCULAR PLANTS CONSISTED OF

... ...
History Of Anatomy - King George`s Medical University
History Of Anatomy - King George`s Medical University

...  Challenged hundreds of Galen’s erroneous concepts  chose not to have his name attached to the parts of body he desribed.  Father of Modern Anatomy ...
Respiratory System – Chapter 15 or Exercise 23/36
Respiratory System – Chapter 15 or Exercise 23/36

... 19. External Respiration: Alveoli are the seat of exchange of O2 / CO2 between lungs and blood. O2 from its higher concentration in alveoli moves to blood and CO2 from its higher concentration in blood moves to alveoli. Both gases move by diffusion. Fig 15.12. 20. Regulation of breathing: Breathing ...
annamalai university - Senthil College of Education
annamalai university - Senthil College of Education

... The hair present inside the nostril prevent the large Why should there be hairs present in the unwanted particles entering the respiratory nostrils. system ...
Effect of lithium and sodium cations on the
Effect of lithium and sodium cations on the

... Monovalent cations are very important in yeast metabolism. However, high internal concentrations of Na+ or its analogue Li+ are generally toxic to cells [1]. Lithium is highly toxic to yeast when grown in galactose medium, mainly because phosphoglucomutase, a key enzyme of galactose metabolism, is i ...
Yersinia pestis and plague - Biochemical Society Transactions
Yersinia pestis and plague - Biochemical Society Transactions

... (F1-antigen) is produced in large amounts. This polypeptide is exported on to the cell surface where it appears to autoassemble into fibrillar-like structures [11]. Mutants of Y. pestis that are unable to produce F1-antigen show an enhanced susceptibilty to phagocytosis by macrophages [12]. Possibly ...
12. Paramecium Reading
12. Paramecium Reading

... protozoans are animal-like protists, named that way because they move and eat just like animals only they are made of a single cell. Paramecia live in quiet or stagnant ponds and feed on algae scum and other microorganisms. All paramecium move by tiny hair-like projections called cilia. Color the ci ...
Homeostasis of Glucose Metabolism: This image
Homeostasis of Glucose Metabolism: This image

... be managed. In these cases, medical intervention is necessary to restore the balance or permanent damage to the organs may result. Most homeostatic regulation is controlled by the response from the nervous system or the release of hormones into the bloodstream by the endocrine system. Homeostatic im ...
Homeostatic maintenance of pathogen
Homeostatic maintenance of pathogen

... nisms (Appelberg, 2006). However, many intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms by which they can survive and replicate within the vacuolar environment. During infection, bacterial factors that mediate virulence, including pore-forming proteins, can damage vacuolar membranes (Aroian and van d ...
DO NOW
DO NOW

... What are the structures and functions of our body systems? OBJECTIVES: -Take a test on Digestive, Excretory, Muscular, Skeletal, Integumentary and ...
Misfolding and Aggregation ofNewly Synthesized Proteins in the
Misfolding and Aggregation ofNewly Synthesized Proteins in the

... To test this, cDNAs of p62 and El were cloned into separate vector constructs as described in Materials and Methods . When expressed in vaccinia-infected HeLa cells, both proteins showed the expected molecular weights and the correct gel mobility shifts upon reduction (Fig . 2) . In cotransfected ce ...
innatedefenses.pdf
innatedefenses.pdf

... Nose Hairs - Hairs that act as a physical filter to trap many microbes. Additionally the nose has an active normal flora that competes for space and nutrients with potential invaders. Nasal Turbinates - The pathway that air follows from the entrance of the nose down into the trachea is not a straigh ...
BASIC TECHNIQUES Preparation of histological sections In order to
BASIC TECHNIQUES Preparation of histological sections In order to

... enzyme histochemistry, and mounted in a suitable water-soluble mountant. Total preparations In some cases the tissue to be examined is a very thin membrane. In such cases the tissue does not need cutting on a microtome, but can be stained, mounted and examined directly. This is known as a total prep ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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