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... 1982; Gleizer and Stent, 1993; Gline et al., 2009); consistent with this, we observed morphological features of anterior mesoderm not seen in segments (Figs. 2F–H). To further define and characterize the early progeny of the M teloblasts, we used the purely segmental ectodermal OP lineage (Kuo and Sh ...
INJEX Needle-Free Drug Delivery Systems
INJEX Needle-Free Drug Delivery Systems

... Needle Stick Safety Device List Injex recommended on NAPPSI list of devices to utilize as a primary prevention device to reduce exposure to potentially fatal injuries from needles. ...
A mutation in the nucleoporin-107 gene causes XX gonadal
A mutation in the nucleoporin-107 gene causes XX gonadal

... development, minimal breast development, pubertal hair at Tanner stage II, primary amenorrhea, and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (LH level of 52 IU/l and FSH level of 87 IU/l). Imaging studies (ultrasound and MRI) indicated the presence of a relatively small uterus (length of 4 cm), and ovaries we ...
Strategies and New Developments in the Generation of Patient-Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells Yamanaka, REVIEW (2007) Cell Stem Cell 1. July 2007 pp 39- 49.
Strategies and New Developments in the Generation of Patient-Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells Yamanaka, REVIEW (2007) Cell Stem Cell 1. July 2007 pp 39- 49.

... blastocyst embryos (Thomson et al., 1998) and are considered promising donor sources for cell transplantation therapies for diseases such as juvenile diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and heart failure. However, as for organ transplants, tissue rejection remains a significant concern for ES cell transp ...
Crustacea
Crustacea

... flows swish sea water through the sponge. As the water flows through, the Chonanocytes snag pieces of food.  Sponges do not have bones, yet they are hard. Sponges have tiny ...
Characterization of Blood Leukocytes in Fish Species of
Characterization of Blood Leukocytes in Fish Species of

... stocking size in hatchery environment has been performed with limited success. Optimal water quality, nutrition, and spawning conditions for these species are poorly known, and inadequate environment may lead to stress that could undermine efforts for successful re-introduction of adults and fingerl ...
Get cached
Get cached

... to ensure that the observed effect was not due to the fungistatic actions of the metal complex. When cells are pre-grown in sub-MIC90 levels of the silver or copper complexes and then assessed for their response to miconazole or amphotericin B there is evidence of alterations in susceptibility. Pre- ...
Chronic Immune Reactivity Against Persisting Microbial Antigen in
Chronic Immune Reactivity Against Persisting Microbial Antigen in

... Furthermore, SMC lacking the Fas death receptor and Fascompetent C57BL/6 SMC could only be lysed by perforincompetent CTL (Figure 1C). These data indicate that (1) SMC expressing a protein shared by a cytomegalovirus can be lysed by virus-specific CTL, and (2) that CTL-mediated death of SMC is mainl ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight

... persistence within the stratum corneum due to their defective processing can be related with several hyperkeratotic conditions like certain ichthyoses or seasonal/senile dry skin ...
Primary and Secondary B-Cell Responses to
Primary and Secondary B-Cell Responses to

... While MLNs serve as major priming sites of naive B and T cells and provide anatomical niches for developed plasma cells and GCs, recently available data indicates that lung tissue also provides cellular niches for both plasma cells and GCs against pulmonary virus infection. In mice maintained under ...
The alternative oxidase lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen
The alternative oxidase lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen

... diacetate, we found that antisense suppression of AOX resulted in cells with a significantly higher level of ROS compared with wild-type cells, whereas the overexpression of AOX resulted in cells with lower ROS abundance. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy showed that the difference in ROS abundance ...
Anat2_05c_Blood_Vessels
Anat2_05c_Blood_Vessels

... ventricles are relaxing.  Blood is ejected from the heart and stretches the walls of the elastic arteries.  The stretch of the arteries stores mechanical energy and act as a pressure reservoir.  The vessels recoil and convert stored (potential) energy in the vessel into kinetic energy of the bloo ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... are relaxing.  Blood is ejected from the heart and stretches the walls of the elastic arteries.  The stretch of the arteries stores mechanical energy and act as a pressure reservoir.  The vessels recoil and convert stored (potential) energy in the vessel into kinetic energy of the blood. ...
Motile Apparatus in Vallisneria Leaf Cells. II. Effects of Cytochalasin
Motile Apparatus in Vallisneria Leaf Cells. II. Effects of Cytochalasin

... recorded the of ...
Darwin`s Black Box
Darwin`s Black Box

... bustion of food; it is not simply an innate property of life. From his suc­ cesses he formulated the idea of metabolism, whereby the body builds up and breaks down substances through chemical processes. Ernst Hoppe-Seyler crystallized the red material from blood (hemoglobin) and showed that it attac ...
Relation of Interferon Production to the Limited Replication of
Relation of Interferon Production to the Limited Replication of

... BHK-21 cells were treated for 24 h with the appropriate serially diluted culture media of the respective species of cells, infected with NDV and then challenged by 100 TCID50 of VSV. After 3 days the development of cytopathic change was scored and IFN titre was expressed by the reciprocal of the hig ...
Microorganisms - davis.k12.ut.us
Microorganisms - davis.k12.ut.us

... Microorganisms have requirements to live too: food 1. _________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________ air water 3. _________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________ ...
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes

... Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. They live in almost all environments. They are found in the ocean, the soil, and the intestines of animals. They are even found in rocks deep below Earth’s surface. Any surface that has not been sterilized is likely to be covere ...
10 m
10 m

... Concept 9.3: The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system  The frequency of cell division varies with the type of cell  These differences result from regulation at the molecular level  Cancer cells manage to escape the usual controls on the cell cycle ...
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 52(2), Page 67, 2005
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 52(2), Page 67, 2005

... rus. Its maximum AP activity (3.44fmol cell"1 min"1) was potentially sufficient to maintain saturated growth rate under the phosphorus-limited condition. In contrast, F. japonica was able to use inor ganic phosphate, ADP and ATP, but not monophosphate monoester compounds as a sole phospho ...
ROLE OF B LYMPHOCYTES IN CELL
ROLE OF B LYMPHOCYTES IN CELL

... with or without DNP-OA for 20 h. The cell-free supernates from these shortterm cultures were then added at varying concentrations to B cells in the presence of 2 tLg/ml DNP-OA. After 48 h incubation of the B cells under these conditions, the supernates of the B cells were assayed for the presence of ...
Division Cycle in Yeast
Division Cycle in Yeast

... a fixed sequence, it is reasonable to as- accumulation of a specific division prosume that these events are, since their tein (4) and another a temporal seproper order is essential for the pro- quence of genetic transcriptions (5). duction of two viable daughter cells. We shall refer to this model a ...
Clinical Spectrum of Cutaneous Langerhans` Cell Histiocytosis
Clinical Spectrum of Cutaneous Langerhans` Cell Histiocytosis

... Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis summarizes a spectrum of diseases on the basis of histogenetic criteria. These are characterized by an accumulation of cells with Langerhans’ cell phenotype in one or multiple organs. Up to 50% of patients with either single or multi-organ manifestation of Langerhans’ ...
interaction between tumor and immune system: the role of tumor cell
interaction between tumor and immune system: the role of tumor cell

... caspase-dependent or caspase-independent pathways [17]. CD40 expansion and its activation is often accompanied by expression of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules, Fas-antigen etc.CD40 may interact with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) [18]. Nowadays it became ...
01 Signal transduction
01 Signal transduction

... The ability to recognize and respond to pathogen threat is a fundamental requirement of the host to ensure survival. In humans, the innate immune system provides the initial response to this threat via the Tolllike receptor (TLR) family of pattern recognition receptors. TLR activation however is a d ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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