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Chordate ancestry of the neural crest: New insights from ascidians
Chordate ancestry of the neural crest: New insights from ascidians

... one of the three groups of urochordates. We conclude that NCLC were already present in the common ancestor of the urochordates and vertebrates (Fig. 1B). 2. Early searches for neural crest in invertebrate ...
S1P1 is sufficient to mediate egress (of immature T
S1P1 is sufficient to mediate egress (of immature T

... In vivo labled CD4 SP in thymus, CD31 for vascular endothelium CD8 for cortical regions ...
Biology Class IX for SA-I 2016-17
Biology Class IX for SA-I 2016-17

... GOLGI COMPLEX OR GOLGI APPARATUS The Golgi apparatus was first described by Camillo Golgi. Golgi complex consist of saucerlike compartments called cisternae, network of interconnecting tubules, vesicles and vacuoles at the peripheral regions. In plant cells, Golgi apparatus is referred to as dictyo ...
Cell Cycle Control in Arabidopsis
Cell Cycle Control in Arabidopsis

... When such protoplasts, derived from tobacco plants expressing the cdc2aAt promoter-gus fusion (Hemerly et al., 1993) were treated with the appropriate concentrations of auxin and cytokinin to stimulate division, an induction of GUS activity was detected. Cultivation in the presence of either auxin o ...
An EMMPRIN–c-catenin–Nm23 complex drives ATP production and
An EMMPRIN–c-catenin–Nm23 complex drives ATP production and

... providing ATP to fuel the actomyosin machinery. These results provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of actomyosin contractility at endothelial junctions and might have broader implications in biological contexts such as angiogenesis, collective migration and tissue morphogenesis by coupling c ...
Polycythemia
Polycythemia

... clots to occur. Many large studies have been done, showing that the safest treatment is bloodletting (phlebotomy). However, if that is not controlling the disease, then it is better to give medicine or radioactive phosphorus even though there is a slight increase in the risk of developing leukemia. ...
File
File

... With bronchitis, the bronchi become red, inflamed, and filled with mucus, which the person expels by coughing. Short-term bronchitis (acute) is usually caused by a bacterial infection and can be treated with antibiotics. Chronic bronchitis is long-term disorder caused by regular exposure to concentr ...
Biology Cytology (study of the cells) Basic characteristics of the cells
Biology Cytology (study of the cells) Basic characteristics of the cells

... the cell wall, ribosome characteristics. - Nucleiod Region - They have no true nucleus as the DNA is not contained within a membrane or separated from the rest of the cell, but is coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid or nuclear area. - Capsule - Found in some bacterial cells, t ...
Advanced continuous cultivation methods for systems microbiology
Advanced continuous cultivation methods for systems microbiology

... batch cultures for studying metabolism. The most important benefit of using changestats for GSA is following dynamic changes of steady-state metabolism with the accurate detection of metabolic switch-points and optimal growth conditions. For instance, in the shift of metabolism from respiratory to r ...
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilisation and Apheresis:
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilisation and Apheresis:

... AHSCT use to treat cancer was reported in the 1890s,3 achievement of a cure in patients with a malignancy was only documented in 1978 following a clinical trial conducted at the National Cancer Institute (United States).4 Subsequent to this report, numerous advances have been made in the art of AHSC ...
Vesicle traffic in the endomembrane system: a tale of COPs, Rabs
Vesicle traffic in the endomembrane system: a tale of COPs, Rabs

... is balanced by a recycling of old, bleached proteins back to the ER. These FRAP experiments therefore demonstrate a basic similarity between the Golgi of plants and mammals, namely that Golgi proteins cycle between their predominant localization in the Golgi and a temporary presence in the ER. At th ...
www.ourpgs.com
www.ourpgs.com

... The diagram shows part of plant X. From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to plant X? ...
Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with
Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with

... been found to bind to PtdIns(3)P, although a few examples that lack one or more consensus residues bind with lower affinity and also show some affinity for the structurally related phosphoinositide PtdIns(5)P (Sankaran et al., 2001). The Phox-homology (PX) domain is a ~100-residue β-sandwich ...
The human Body
The human Body

... A: The increase in size is due to cell growth as well as the production of new cells via cell division. Food provides energy for this process to take place, but the increase in body mass is not due to the accumulation of food. Q: Do muscles push and pull? A: Not exactly. Muscles work only by contrac ...
Potentiometric measurement of intracellular redox activity.
Potentiometric measurement of intracellular redox activity.

... responsive to receptor agonists, as well as cell nutrients. In principle, assays for such concentration changes can be made by using chemical analysis of cell lysates. For example, biochemical techniques exist for the direct quantitation of NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, cystine/cysteine, and oxidized/ red ...
bundle sheath defective, a mutation that disrupts cellular
bundle sheath defective, a mutation that disrupts cellular

... suggest that the bsd1-m1 defect acts on C4 photosynthetic gene expression at the level of transcript accumulation. BS cell chloroplast differentiation is aberrant in bsd1-m1 leaves When viewed under the light microscope, the anatomical arrangement of BS and M cells in bsd1-m1 leaves is identical to ...
Tutorial for module BY1101 Cell biology revision: MCQ Joe Colgan
Tutorial for module BY1101 Cell biology revision: MCQ Joe Colgan

... A. There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. C. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane D. Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient E. ...
File - Science is Forever
File - Science is Forever

... and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the amoeba has an unusual way of creeping along by stretching its cytoplasm into fingerlike extensions called pseudopodia. The word "pseudopodia" means "false foot". Label the pseudopodia. When looking ...
Introduction to Anatomy
Introduction to Anatomy

... a] conduct blood back to the heart b] they begin as venules and drain into increasingly larger-sized vessels c] they form anastomotic networks d] they are more numerous than arteries e] they tend to be paired or in multiples f] paired veins accompanying an artery in the extremities are termed venae ...
Earthworm Dissection - ESC-20
Earthworm Dissection - ESC-20

... The word annelida means "ringed" and refers to a series of rings or segments that make up the bodies of the members of this phylum. Internally, septa, or dividing walls, are located between the segments. There may be more than 100 segments in an adult worm. The clitellum is a swelling of the body fo ...
Animal Kingdom - lperleybiology112
Animal Kingdom - lperleybiology112

... The sperm is released into the water column by the "male" sponge and finds its way to the "female" sponges, where ...
Polycythemia - Healthoracle.org
Polycythemia - Healthoracle.org

... clots to occur. Many large studies have been done, showing that the safest treatment is bloodletting (phlebotomy). However, if that is not controlling the disease, then it is better to give medicine or radioactive phosphorus even though there is a slight increase in the risk of developing leukemia. ...
Sphingolipid Metabolism in Leukemic Leukocytes1
Sphingolipid Metabolism in Leukemic Leukocytes1

... Leukocytes were obtained from normal volunteers and patients with acute and chronic leukemia and other diseases at the Clini cal Center of the NIH. Circulating leukocyte counts ranged from 1,100 to 320,000 cells per cubic millimeter. Preparation of Leukocytes. Ten-nil samples of venous blood were mi ...
Winter 2011 - Society of Toxicology
Winter 2011 - Society of Toxicology

... tumor suppressor gene and they provide insight into its molecular mechanism of action in mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, we have demonstrated that human FRY is decreased in poorly differentiated mammary tumors relative to well differentiated mammary tumors, indicating that FRY plays a role in hu ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a

... pronucleus migrates to the egg pronucleus utilizing microtubules (Swope and Kropf 1993), and the zygote secretes a cell wall (Quatrano 1982) and an adhesive that attaches it firmly to the rock (Hable and Kropf 1998). Once attached, the young zygote monitors its environment for positional information. ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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