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1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

... Very marked increases in leukocyte number due to an inflammatory response (up to or >100 x 109/L) which must be differentiated from Leukaemias ! Some examples: -pyometra -severe abscessation ...
Making parallel lines meet
Making parallel lines meet

... Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA USA ...
Ca - AJP - Renal Physiology - American Journal of Physiology
Ca - AJP - Renal Physiology - American Journal of Physiology

... PKC, enhance exchanger activity in afferent arterioles and mesangial cells and this may be due to PKC-induced translocation of the exchanger to the plasma membrane (20). It is ...
PC7 and the related proteases Furin and Pace4 regulate E
PC7 and the related proteases Furin and Pace4 regulate E

... when individual blastomeres enlarge their cell–cell contact areas in a process termed compaction and begin to assemble junctional complexes in a polarized epithelial layer. Two subsequent rounds of symmetric or asymmetric divisions generate two identical daughters or one that is polar and one that i ...
अध्ययन-सामग्री केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन  अहमदाबाद संभाग
अध्ययन-सामग्री केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन अहमदाबाद संभाग

... The amount of solute present in a given amount (mass or volume) of solution. Amount of solute Amount of solute Concentration of a solution = _________________ OR ____________________ Amount of solvent Amount of solution The concentration of a solution can be expressed as mass by mass percentage or a ...
Summer 2012
Summer 2012

... analytical application of a bioluminescent reporter for DNA hybridization. Anal Chem 74: 437885. 3. Markova SV. et al., 2004. Cloning and expression of cDNA for a luciferase from the marine copepod Metridia longa. A novel secreted bioluminescent reporter enzyme. J Biol Chem 279: 3212-17. 4. Takenaka ...
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for

... influenzae ), most of our information regarding their function comes from elegant work on the E. coli bacteriophage P1, which exists as a circular episome when a prophage, and the F-factor plasmid. Both of these genetic elements exist as single-copy episomes and are inherited by each daughter cell w ...
Figure 8-9
Figure 8-9

... What if the reversal potential for an ion channel that is selective for “univalent” cations so both Na+ and K+ are permeable? (e.g., the Ach muscarinic receptor in the motor end plate of skeletal muscle.) • If ACh were to open an ion channel permeable only to K+, then the reversal potential of the ...
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development

... binds to syntaxin 4, a component of t-SNARE complex. Thus, DLG5 acts as a linker between cadherin-catenin-carrying transport vesicles and t-SNARE complex at plasma membrane and promotes targeted delivery of cadherin. Loss of DLG5 will reduce in the level of cell-surface N-cadherin, resulting in misl ...
Chapter 4 - Bloodhounds Incorporated
Chapter 4 - Bloodhounds Incorporated

... • Penetration enhancers- drug agents that help substances into the body. ...
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and

... of sporulation. These were stained by the acid Giemsa and tannic acid violet techniques (Robinow, 1945; Bisset, 1950), by thionine instead of Giemsa, as recommended by DeLamater & Mudd (1951), or by thionine + thionyl chloride. For the demonstration of basophilic septa, preparations were stained by ...
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IUG - CELL BIO - E

... Cell membranes are very thin structures, about 5 to 10 nm thick, and can only be seen with the electron microscope. The freeze-etching technique has been used to cleave membranes down the center of the lipid bilayer, splitting them in half and exposing the interior. In this way it has been discover ...
Growth of a Tryptophanase-producing Thermophile
Growth of a Tryptophanase-producing Thermophile

... for their ability to support the growth of S. thermophilum. Sucrose (lo%, w/v) was added to Trp-PEP medium to test the effect of osmotic stabilization. Isolation and cultivation of thermophilic bacteria. Approximately 100 mg each of soil, compost or 0.5 ml hot spring water from various locations in ...
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.

... actin mutants. Temperatureshift experiments using temperature-sensitive actin mutants revealed pleiotropic effects of the disruption of actin function. Since the mutants are temperature-sensitive, one can observe the effect of the mutation in two ways; by comparing mutant and wild-type cells at the ...
medical device guidance - Health Sciences Authority
medical device guidance - Health Sciences Authority

... Rule 5. All invasive devices Such devices are invasive in body orifices with respect to body orifices and are not surgically invasive (refer to (other than those which are definition in Section 4). Devices tend to be surgically invasive) and which: ...
Every B3 Past Paper Question
Every B3 Past Paper Question

... Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of producing calves using this cloning method. advantage ............................................................................................ ...
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation

... and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), secrete interferons, a family of cytokines with potent antiviral properties (Biron et al., 1999; Katze et al., 2002). Adaptive immunity provides T cells that secrete interferon ␥ and differentiate into cytotoxic T cells (Guidotti and Chisari, 2001) and B cell ...
PPEN)DIX A
PPEN)DIX A

... Effective platinum anticancer agents are generally relatively stable in the bloodstream and are activated to aquated platinum(II) complexes once they are taken up by the cell. In the case of platinum(H) complexes with chloro leaving ligands such as cisplatin or Pt(dach)C12, this intracellular activ ...
1 by the Chemokines Macrophage Lymph Nodes During an Immune
1 by the Chemokines Macrophage Lymph Nodes During an Immune

... lymph nodes was associated with the accumulation of CD81 T cells in these tissues. The present experiments were designed to further define the potential in vivo role of MIP-1a and MIP-1b in recruitment of T cell subsets to lymph nodes during an immune response. The well-characterized murine model of ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information

... motor neurons that follows stimulation of dorsal mechanoreceptors responsive to pressure (P cells). Nine types of local bending interneuron could be distinguished on physiological and morphological grounds-8 paired and 1 unpaired cell per ganglion. Synaptic latencies from sensory neurons to interneu ...
Dual function for cloche in hematopoiesis - Development
Dual function for cloche in hematopoiesis - Development

... chicken aorta that express an endothelial-specific marker could subsequently differentiate into cells expressing a blood-specific surface antigen. In vitro studies have also shown that certain cells can give rise to both endothelium and blood (Choi et al., 1998; Nishikawa et al., 1998). Taken togeth ...
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation
Opposite Effects of Tor1 and Tor2 on Nitrogen Starvation

... similar to the phenotype of cells depleted of Rhb1 (Mach et al. 2000). Cells depleted of Rhb1 are characterized by small cell size morphology, G1 arrest, and induction of the nitrogen-starvation-specific gene, fnx11 (Mach et al. 2000). Northern blot analysis of total RNA from cells that were repress ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival

... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
BIOLOGY IGCSE Revision Checklists for Form 4 2014-2015
BIOLOGY IGCSE Revision Checklists for Form 4 2014-2015

... • State the functions of enzymes as follows: – amylase breaks down starch to simpler sugars – protease breaks down protein to amino acids – lipase breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol; • State where, in the alimentary canal, amylase, protease and lipase are secreted; • Describe the digestion ...
The Abundance of Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Cdc4p Is
The Abundance of Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Cdc4p Is

... R-motif-dependent degradation of Cdc4p. These results suggest a general model for control of SCF activities. An important mechanism of regulating protein abundance in eukaryotes is the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome degradation pathway. Ub is a member of a family of conserved polypeptides that are covale ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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