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Unruptured Aneurysm
Unruptured Aneurysm

... Blood supply of the brain To understand aneurysms, it is helpful to understand the circulatory system of the brain (see Anatomy of the Brain). Blood is carried to the brain by two paired arteries, the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries (Fig. 1). The internal carotid arteries supply ...
Journal of Microbiological Methods
Journal of Microbiological Methods

... antibody, from nonlabelled cells. This technique provides means for a detailed analysis of populations, which express DnirK genes in the environment, including structural aspects of a community and detailed promoter studies. Using the immunostaining approach, it was possible to identify bacteria, wh ...
20 - PHSchool.com
20 - PHSchool.com

... capillary, the minivalve flaps gape open, allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary. However, when the pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary, the endothelial minivalve flaps are forced closed, preventing lymph from leaking back out as the pressure moves it along the vessel. Protei ...
Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA
Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA

... In light of the importance of sMTf and plasminogen interaction [6,42], we investigated the potential effects of sMTf on the EC plasminogen activation system. Media from cells treated with different combinations of plasminogen, t-PA and sMTf were subjected to Western blot analysis. The activation of ...
Yantar, a conserved arginine-rich protein is involved in Drosophila
Yantar, a conserved arginine-rich protein is involved in Drosophila

... yantar (ytr), polka dots (pkdt), and splotchy (splo). Hemocytes from these mutants were visualized after immunostaining using two hemocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies, MAb H2 and L1. MAb H2 recognizes the hemese antigen present in all Drosophila hemocytes, whereas MAb L1 is specific for lamellocy ...
Plant Cell
Plant Cell

... Much of what is understood about mitosis in plants is based on extrapolation from how cell division functions in other systems, such as yeast (Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Identification of new genes that control this multicellular process in plants is hampered by the lack of a system in which cell di ...
Apoptosis-inducing factor is involved in the regulation of caspase
Apoptosis-inducing factor is involved in the regulation of caspase

... contrast, Apaf1-deficient neurons remained largely viable during the first 24 h of treatment. However, after 24 h, cell survival began to decline and by 48 h, 30% of Apaf1/ neurons remained viable. These results demonstrate that p53 induces neuronal cell death through a rapid Apaf1-dependent path ...
A rapid and robust assay for detection of S
A rapid and robust assay for detection of S

... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
Using glyco-engineering to produce therapeutic proteins
Using glyco-engineering to produce therapeutic proteins

... cellular recognition events depend on the presence of specific glycan structures. Thus, glycosylation has a huge impact on the biological activity of glycoproteins and should be carefully controlled during manufacturing to achieve optimized therapeutic efficacy. Dependent on the species, cell-type, ...
SED4 Encodes a Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum
SED4 Encodes a Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum

... Secl2p, a close homologue of Sed4p, also acts early in the assembly of transport vesicles. However, SEC12 performs a different function than SED4 since Secl2p does not bind Secl6p, and genetic tests show that SEC12 and SED4 are not functionally interchangeable. The importance of Sed4p for vesicle fo ...
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera

... true systems, but the following structures fulfill the sponges needs (next slide): ...
Osmosis Eq
Osmosis Eq

... How were you able to tell that osmosis had taken place? ...
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

... external environment through which a solute molecule can move often by the expenditure of cellular energy and by the mediation of a number of distinct components which together make up the particular transport system. This selective barrier to free diffusion is the plasma membrane. Now, it is appare ...
NSC 104 - National Open University of Nigeria
NSC 104 - National Open University of Nigeria

... Physiology is the scientific study of how the body works under normal conditions or in a state of good health. It describes how cells operate, how they combine their functions in specific organs, and how these organs work together to maintain a stable environment inside the body. Physiology is the f ...
Thyroid from Stem cells Nature 2012
Thyroid from Stem cells Nature 2012

... iodide organification is in line with their TFC-like molecular signature and their three-dimensional follicular organization. In turn, the lack of similar functional properties of cell cultures derived after the induction of either NKX2-1 (Fig. 2i) or PAX8 alone (Fig. 2j) would be consistent with a ...
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane A biochemical
Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane A biochemical

... external environment through which a solute molecule can move often by the expenditure of cellular energy and by the mediation of a number of distinct components which together make up the particular transport system. This selective barrier to free diffusion is the plasma membrane. Now, it is appare ...
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell

... homogenized into a single-cell suspension. Nuclei from crosslinked cells were resuspended in Tris-EDTA buffer and sonicated. The soluble chromatin was transferred into radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer and precleared. Immunoprecipitation was performed with 5 g of rabbit anti--catenin (S ...
document
document

... understanding living things = understanding basic chemistry. A molecule is a unit of atoms bonded together. A macromolecule is a very large and complex molecule. ...
HSC – Biology – Maintaining a Balance - HSC Guru
HSC – Biology – Maintaining a Balance - HSC Guru

... 2) White blood cells – These are about 0.1% of the blood and are used to destroy foreign cells and debris, and also to act in immune response 3) Platelets – these are about 0.01% of the blood and aid in blood clotting and inflammation. 4) Red blood cells – About 45% of the blood and transport most o ...
PDF
PDF

... hemisegments of mAb 22C10-immunostained embryos (A,D,G), DiI-labelled v’ch1 neurons (B,E,H) and diagrams showing site of exit and orientation of the v’ch1 dendrite in wild-type (C), NetAp (F) and fra3 (I) mutants. Arrows in A, D and G show the v’ch1 dendrite, white dots show the lch5-5 neuron, and t ...
The NK2.1 receptor is encoded by Ly-49C and its
The NK2.1 receptor is encoded by Ly-49C and its

... (31) led us to first investigate the Ly-49 gene family. Individual Ly-49 cDNAs were transiently expressed in COS cells which were subsequently tested for reactivity with the anti-NK2.1 mAb. 4LO3311 was found to react specifically with Ly-49C (Fig. 1) but none of the other Ly-49s tested (data not sho ...
Laboratory Research, Cloning, and Human Cell Lines
Laboratory Research, Cloning, and Human Cell Lines

... of a low-risk GMO or group of GMOs and would be valid only for the institution which sought the approva l. (IBSCs are local committees and do not have national responsibilities. Currently ERMA approvals to import GMOs are valid nationally. The proposed change will result in a more restricted approva ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell

... been linked with both increased and decreased cell wall stiffness in vivo (Palin and Geitmann, 2012). In the pollen tube, the apical end of the cell displays highly methylesterified pectin which has been correlated with softer mechanics and is consistent with the physical requirements of the rapid g ...
Protists
Protists

... back to about 1.2 billion years ago compared to bacteria which appear about 3.5 billion years ago. We do not  know how the various groups of protists are related to one another.  We assume they arose from certain  groups of bacteria, but when and how they came into being, scientists are still invest ...
Third and Fourth Year Biology,
Third and Fourth Year Biology,

... State that enzymes have a high specificity for their substrate. State that enzymes catalyse the chemical reactions occurring in living cells: respiration, photosynthesis, protein synthesis. State that each protein has its own number and sequence of amino acids, resulting in different shaped molecule ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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