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Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading
Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading

Identification of a novel population of muscle stem cells in mice
Identification of a novel population of muscle stem cells in mice

... centages of desmin-expressing cells were still observed between the populations. Unlike EP cells, most MDSC (60%) do not express the myogenic marker desmin, and a small population (10%) of these cells is Sca-1/CD34; this latter characteristic also is found in primary hematopoietic stem cells (Nak ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
Biology Pre-Learning Check

... 10. _____ hard “ball” that worms may curl up in, found in animal tissues (e.g. muscle) 11. _____ muscular digestive organ in earthworms that grinds up food 12. _____ nerve cells that work together to control function; a primitive brain 13. _____ food goes in one end and out the other, mouth leads to ...
Role of - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
Role of - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics

... the LN-a2G domain. Because the rLNa2Gmediated M. leprae binding to a-DG was sensitive to periodate (Fig. 2D), the carbohydrate moieties of a-DG are likely important for rLNa2G-mediated M. leprae interactions. Although a-DGs are differentially glycosylated in different tissues (for example, periphera ...
Bactericidal Antibiotics Induce Toxic Metabolic - Collins Lab
Bactericidal Antibiotics Induce Toxic Metabolic - Collins Lab

... 30-min time point, prior to cell death, the metabolic profiles of the treated samples appeared similar to one another and collectively different from the UNT0 sample. The clustering algorithm was unable to distinguish between the Kan and Amp biological replicates at this time point, suggesting that ...
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells

... contribute to chimerism. Being more comparable to mESCs, naïve hESCs will likely allow increased developmental potential and a more accurate correlation to mESC data. It has been reported that human induced pluripotent cells (h-iPSCs) can be maintained in the naïve state if the pluripotency-inducing ...
Digestive, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems
Digestive, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems

... What is found Between Tissues? Intercellular Fluid is the fluid found between cells & tissues. This medium provides for the exchange of materials between cells and tissues. Lymph is a yellowish fluid that is found within the vessels of lymphatic system. Lymph fluid carries white blood cells througho ...
Evo-engineering and the Cellular and Molecular Origins of
Evo-engineering and the Cellular and Molecular Origins of

... progenitor pools expand to generate the spinal cord, we must be able to label single cells and follow their derivatives through the entirety of embryonic development. In the case of mouse development, this has been achieved by retrospective clonal analysis using a LacZ transgene bearing an internal ...
11. Reaction Diffusion, Chemotaxis, and Nonlocal Mechanisms
11. Reaction Diffusion, Chemotaxis, and Nonlocal Mechanisms

... Cross-diffusion does not arise often in genuinely practical models: one example where it will be described is in Chapter 1, Volume II, Section 1.2. Cross-diffusion systems can pose interesting mathematical problems particularly regarding their well-posedness. Equation (11.18) is referred to as a rea ...
THE SCIENCE BEHIND AGERA Rx® The human skin is the largest
THE SCIENCE BEHIND AGERA Rx® The human skin is the largest

... results in increase protein synthesis without injury. Collasyn™ MKS, a mixture of the phospholipid complex of the oligopeptides and their alkylated derivatives (i.e., myristyol -KTTKS, myristyol -VEPIPY ) has been found to maximize the proliferative benefits while minimizing irritation. While Matrix ...
Rap1b in Smooth Muscle and Endothelium Is Required for
Rap1b in Smooth Muscle and Endothelium Is Required for

... regulation of blood pressure. Approach and Results—Rap1b−/− mice developed cardiac hypertrophy and elevated blood pressure, but maintained a normal heart rate. Correcting elevated blood pressure with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy in Rap1b−/− m ...
Body Fluids
Body Fluids

... ingle-cell organisms receive their nutrients directly from the environment and discard waste products directly into it. In multicellular organisms, the situation is not so simple. There, too, each cell needs nutrients and produces wastes, but most of the cells are not directly in contact with the en ...
PLANT DEFENCES AGAINST PATHOGENS David Guest and John
PLANT DEFENCES AGAINST PATHOGENS David Guest and John

... with a host range restricted to a few plant species or even to cultivars within a species. The key difference between these two types of necrotroph is the specificity of the toxin(s) produced. Necrotrophs with a broad host range secrete toxins that act on metabolic targets common to many plants. In ...
PDF
PDF

... Design of experimental series The work was divided into five series of experiments characterized by the developmental stage of embryos used, the region of the ectoderm used as graft and the period of cultivation in the host kidney. The purpose of each series was explained in the Introduction. Series ...
NIH Public Access - McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
NIH Public Access - McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research

... Utilizing the Balb/c (H-2d) to C57BL/6 (H-2b) model of skin allograft transplantation, six B6 recipient mice were given a single dose of TCDD one day prior to transplant and were then euthanized on post-operative days (POD) 10 or 16, or at the time of rejection (Figure 1A). Compared to untreated (me ...
PDF
PDF

... crucial for tissue maintenance, repair and longevity. However, little is known about the genetic pathways that guide niche specification and development. The male germline stem cell niche in Drosophila houses two stem cell populations and is specified within the embryonic gonad, thus making it an ex ...
Practical Hints: Lysis of bacterial cells for plasmid purification
Practical Hints: Lysis of bacterial cells for plasmid purification

... A number of other methods have been described for lysing bacterial cells (3, 4). Some of these methods were developed for different applications and may not be suitable for plasmid DNA isolation. Boiling lysis: Bacterial cells are treated with lysozyme to weaken the cell walls and then lysed by heat ...
The Relation Between Scale and the Completeness of Pattern in
The Relation Between Scale and the Completeness of Pattern in

... to what the positional signal and the intercommunication system really are. Such models may or may not postulate a literal FIG. 1. a. Schematic transverse sections of a midgradient in concentration of a signal mol- gastrula and a tailbud stage amphibian embryo, midecule (morphogen), organised by dif ...
The hypersensitive response is associated with host and nonhost
The hypersensitive response is associated with host and nonhost

... throughout evolution (Ross 1986). In some wild Solanum species, resistance to P. infestans that may be of a durable nature has been identi®ed (Colon and Budding 1988). Also some old potato cultivars have a seemingly durable resistance (Wastie 1991; Colon et al. 1995b). Resistance responses to pathog ...
Behavioral Objectives
Behavioral Objectives

... Deterioration of the cardiovascular system is the leading cause of death among the elderly. The heart shrinks with age, and fatty deposits clog arteries. Low-cholesterol, low-fat diets slow degenerative changes. Lungs lose some elasticity, so ventilation is reduced. A reduced blood supply to the kid ...
The physiology of channel-mediated K acquisition in roots of higher plants +
The physiology of channel-mediated K acquisition in roots of higher plants +

... have been superseded, however, by the demonstration by (Hirsch et al. 1998) that AtAKT1 (the primary Kin channel in Arabidopsis roots) can mediate K+ uptake at [K+ ]ext as low as 10 μM, given that the H+ -ATPase can generate a sufficiently polarized membrane to provide an inwardly directed electroche ...
Cryptococcus neoformans Induces Expression of Fas Ligand in Macrophages
Cryptococcus neoformans Induces Expression of Fas Ligand in Macrophages

... anti-Fas Abs rescue T cells from apoptosis induced by GXM. Collectively our results reveal novel aspects of the immunoregulatory properties of GXM and suggest that this nontoxic soluble compound could be used to dampen the immune response, to promote or accelerate the death receptor, and to fix FasL ...
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

... large veins, the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, which empty into the right auricle of the heart. The right auricle conducts blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, and the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve. The b ...
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... I   have   shown   that   the   Rho   GTPase   Cdc42   controls   the   spreading   of   B   cells,   whereas   two   other   molecules  in  the  same  family,  Rac1  and  Rac2,  control  homotypic  adhesion.  Further,  I  have  shown   ...
WGEP crawford boyer martins
WGEP crawford boyer martins

... extra few feet “just to be safe” and started adjusting the length appropriately. (pg. 398-399) ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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