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... cell. The exact mechanism for this event is not known for Penium, but is most likely microtubule-based, as noted for other desmids [30]. Cytokinesis occurs at the isthmus shortly after mitosis and entails both a cell plate and a small furrow. After cytokinetic separation, the poles of each daughter ...
An inside-out origin for the eukaryotic cell
An inside-out origin for the eukaryotic cell

... proto-mitochondria, with continuous spaces between the blebs giving rise to the endoplasmic reticulum, which later evolved into the eukaryotic secretory system. Further bleb-fusion steps yielded a continuous plasma membrane, which served to isolate the endoplasmic reticulum from the environment. Con ...
THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Walter Dewitte and James A.H. Murray
THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Walter Dewitte and James A.H. Murray

... and there is little or no coordination of division timing between cells (35). Although certain cellular aspects, including the intracellular localization of proteins, can be studied in individual cells and therefore do not require consistent timing of division between cells, the biochemical and mole ...
Penium margaritaceum: A Unicellular Model Organism for
Penium margaritaceum: A Unicellular Model Organism for

... cell. The exact mechanism for this event is not known for Penium, but is most likely microtubule-based, as noted for other desmids [30]. Cytokinesis occurs at the isthmus shortly after mitosis and entails both a cell plate and a small furrow. After cytokinetic separation, the poles of each daughter ...
Part 1 - Mains Associates
Part 1 - Mains Associates

... The photo in the upper left is of the corner of an icebreaker, a type of ship used for research in icy waters. In the bottom center is a photo of a cell known as Methanogenium frigidum. This cell has recently been isolated, and its genome is now being sequenced. M. frigidum will help scientists und ...
perinuclear dense bodies: characterization as dna
perinuclear dense bodies: characterization as dna

... are: (1) a 100nm thick perinuclear intermediate zone filled with filamentous material from which the characteristic cytoplasmic organelles and nuclear particles are excluded. (2) An adjacent lacunar labyrinth interlaced by many plasmatic junction channels connecting the intermediate zone and the cyt ...
Gene Activity Patterns and Cellular Differentiation Department of
Gene Activity Patterns and Cellular Differentiation Department of

... to the different functions of these cells. The salivary glands of many Diptera consist of several lobes that differ in their function. In Acricutojnts lucidus, e.g., there are three lobes. Two of them apparently synthesize the amino acid, oxyproline, the third lobe does not. This lobe, in contrast t ...
Localization of Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle
Localization of Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle

... HOSPHOLAMBAN(PL) ~ is a low molecular mass, integral membrane protein that has been purified from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and well characterized both biochemically and functionally (5, 7). In vitro phosphorylation of PL by three different kinases, at distinct sites, enhances Ca2+ uptake ...
Germline stem cell niches
Germline stem cell niches

... GSCs from neonatal and adult mouse testes can produce embryonic stem cell-like cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into the cell types found in three different germ layers (Guan et al., 2006; Kanatsu-Shinohara et al., 2004). Therefore, the knowledge gained from studies on GSCs is importa ...
Chapter 1 - Richsingiser.com
Chapter 1 - Richsingiser.com

... orders of magnitude • From 10-15 sec (for electron transfer reactions) • To 1018 sec (the period of evolution, from the first appearance of organisms to today) • The processes and lifetimes described in Table 1.5 will be discussed throughout the text and course ...
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot

... hereas much is known about the respective roles of cations and membrane cation channels in islet function (1), by comparison, there is little detailed information available concerning the physiological role of anions or anion-handling mechanisms in islets. This is true even though it has been known ...
Assignments Handbook - Independence High
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... 14. Proteins are made of ___________ arranged into a ____________________. 15. Protein examples include ____________________________________________. 16. Proteins are used for ____________________________ and cell structure. 17. Enzymes speed up _____________________________ and are called _________ ...
Specification sheet
Specification sheet

... using immunohistochemical detection methodology. Interpretation of any positive or negative staining must be complemented with the evaluation of proper controls and must be made within the context of the patient’s clinical history and other diagnostic tests. A qualified pathologist must perform eval ...
Light-Independent Cell Death Induced by
Light-Independent Cell Death Induced by

... Halling 1988, Witkowski and Halling 1989). These reports indicate a close relationship between lesion formation and impairment of chlorophyll metabolism. The process of lesion formation by tetrapyrrole accumulation is not fully understood, but it is most likely that initiation of lesion formation is ...
Super Zeaxanthin with Lutein, Meso-Zeaxanthin Plus
Super Zeaxanthin with Lutein, Meso-Zeaxanthin Plus

... reactive oxygen species during a photosensitized reaction. The macular pigment can be increased by either increasing the intake of foods that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, or by supplementation with nutrients like lutein or zeaxanthin.1-3 By absorbing blue l ...
View Full Page PDF
View Full Page PDF

... some mycoplasmas have evolved mechanisms for entering host cells that are not naturally phagocytic. The intracellular location is obviously a privileged niche, well protected from the immune system and from the action of many antibiotics. The ability of M. penetrans, isolated from the urogenital tra ...
MCDB 4650 Class 19 Patterning of the Limb
MCDB 4650 Class 19 Patterning of the Limb

... b. Mark distal cells in an early limb bud and see if they become distal cells in the limb c. Remove factors required for proliferation; see what cell types are made d. Transplant just the AER from an older limb bud to tip of younger limb bud ...
Early Morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Pharynx
Early Morphogenesis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Pharynx

... Prior to pharyngeal extension, the pharyngeal cells appear wedge-shaped with their apical surfaces, as defined by JAM-1::GFP expression, located at the tip of the wedge and their basolateral compartment extending over the remaining surfaces (Figs. 3A, 3C, and 3E). The cells’ apicobasal polarity is a ...
Chapter 12 - Blood 12.1 Introduction (p. 322) A. Blood is considered
Chapter 12 - Blood 12.1 Introduction (p. 322) A. Blood is considered

... The total number of red blood cells remains relatively constant due to a negative feedback mechanism utilizing the hormone erythropoietin, which is released in response to low oxygen levels detected in the kidneys and liver. G. Dietary Factors Affecting Red Blood Cell Production (p. 324; Fig. 12.5) ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

... Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentic ...
Variable morphology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated
Variable morphology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated

... expected to give a discrete band but the signal is too weak to be identified, and in fact nothing but the germline band can be identified by Southern blot analysis. Using the C p and the JH probes and at least two enzymes, all BL were monoclonal, whereas IL or LP were composed of monoclonal or polyc ...
Nitric Oxide 9:
Nitric Oxide 9:

... A role for the sucrose molecule itself in the growth yield inhibition was inferred from our finding of a high yield of cells in medium containing an equal proportion of glucose and fructose, the monomeric components of sucrose, as the sole source of C source in the medium (Fig. 2). However, any inhib ...
MTA
MTA

... bound by the terms of this agreement in writing. The STEM CELL will not be used for any research other than as described above, in particular but not limited to research that is for the benefit of any for-profit organization. The Institution represents, warrants and covenants that the research using ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... The total number of red blood cells remains relatively constant due to a negative feedback mechanism utilizing the hormone erythropoietin, which is released in response to low oxygen levels detected in the kidneys and liver. G. Dietary Factors Affecting Red Blood Cell Production (p. 324; Fig. 12.5) ...
REGULATION OF CDC14: PATHWAYS AND CHECKPOINTS OF
REGULATION OF CDC14: PATHWAYS AND CHECKPOINTS OF

... been established to perform very different tasks (Figure 3). The genetic dissection of MEN and SIN has been invaluable in identifying a large set of factors responsible for the inactivation of mitotic Cdks and/or for the completion of cytokinesis. However, the apparent discrepancy between the MEN an ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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