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... A. rough ER, endosome, Golgi, smooth ER B. rough ER, Golgi, smooth ER, exocytosis C. smooth ER, rough ER, exocytosis, Golgi D. rough ER, Golgi, transport vesicle, exocytosis E. rough ER, Golgi, endosome, exocytosis, transport ...
Protists and Fungi
Protists and Fungi

... Binary fission is reproduction in which one single-celled organism splits into two single-celled organisms.  Some single-celled protists use multiple fission to make more than two offspring from one parent.  Each new cell is a single-celled protist. ...
Areolar Connective Tissue
Areolar Connective Tissue

... Basal lamina and reticular layers of the underlying connective tissue deep to it form the basement membrane Epithelial Surface Features ...
PDF
PDF

... that give rise to each of these cells and by their characteristic positions within the embryo. Following injection of any of these identified cells with a cell lineage tracer during stages 6 or 7, a distinct and invariant segmentally repeated pattern of labeled progeny cells is observed later in the ...
Endocytosis of Viruses and Bacteria
Endocytosis of Viruses and Bacteria

... bacteria are considerably more complex than viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, and it lacks a nucleus. Some have an additi ...
Composition of the plant nuclear envelope: theme and variations
Composition of the plant nuclear envelope: theme and variations

... involved in the nuclear import of constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), a repressor of photomorphogenesis (Jiang et al., 2001). The above-mentioned mutant in an Arabidopsis impa with specific effects on plant defence also indicates a yet to be discovered functional specificity of the plant adaptor ...
Dynamics of Phragmoplastin in Living Cells during
Dynamics of Phragmoplastin in Living Cells during

... cargo (cell wall polysaccharides) that vesicles carry is deposited in this newly formed compartment. From electron microscopy studies, a new fusion structure called the dumbbell-shaped intermediate has recently been identified. This structure apparently arises by extending a tube from one vesicle to ...
Specific localization of nesprin-1-α2, the short isoform of nesprin
Specific localization of nesprin-1-α2, the short isoform of nesprin

... in the same way. Since antibodies specific for short isoforms were not available, we produced new monoclonal antibodies and these are shown in Table 3. Human nesprin-1-α2 has a unique 31aa sequence at its aminoterminus and a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 2-17 was linked to KLH via i ...
NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING

... The  cytoskeleton  (also  CSK)  is  a  cellular  "scaffolding"  or  "skeleton"   contained  within  the  cytoplasm  and  is  made  out  of  protein.  The   cytoskeleton  is  present  in  all  cells;  it  was  once  thought  to  be  uni ...
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of

... genotype, next-generation sequencing has revealed the presence of low-level heteroplasmy in most tissues from healthy individuals (He et al., 2010; Payne et al., 2013). The source of this heteroplasmy is likely to be maternally inherited, as some of the low-frequency alleles found in an individual c ...
Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation
Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation

... Fig 1. Role of GATA2 in haematopoietic differentiation. Simplified map of key interactions of GATA2 with selected major lineage-specifying transcription factors. The factors indicated are necessary for downstream differentiation according to knock-out models or are highly expressed in differentiated ...
New techniques in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
New techniques in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

... phthalocyanine or chlorin derivatives. When activated by visible light of a particular wavelength (for example from a laser or LED), the PS transfers energy to molecular oxygen, resulting in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to direct and indirect damage of cellular and membrane ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell

... and Skoog medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing KH2PO4 (0.4 g L21) and Suc (40 g L21). Cells were maintained at a high specific mean growth rate by subculturing every 2 d into fresh medium (1 volume of cells into 2.5 volumes of medium) containing boric acid (100 mm, control cells) or no adde ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to

... et al., 2008); or Halo-tag, 295 amino acids (Los et al., 2008). The large size of these tags presents the risk that the assay system itself disturbs the natural compartmentalization and localization of the targeted protein. Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling o ...
Cell Wall
Cell Wall

... plasma membrane • Cannels in the cell wall lined with plasma membrane • provides connection between adjacent cells • May occur in pits • May be branched mycozynook.com ...
Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor
Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor

... the peripheral cannabinoid receptor. Previous studies demonstrated that 2 distinct noncoding first exons exist: exon-1A and exon-1B, which both splice to proteincoding exon-2. We demonstrate that in retrovirally induced murine myeloid leukemia cells with proviral insertion in Cb2, exon-1B/exon-2 Cb2 ...
SETD6 is a negative regulator of oxidative stress response
SETD6 is a negative regulator of oxidative stress response

lysosomes - cfonjungosite.com
lysosomes - cfonjungosite.com

... lysosomes are cellular organelles. organelles are a cell that have a specific function. They are usually in a lipid bilayer and a lipid bilayer is fat that has two layers. ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... Fimbriae Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Bacterial chromosome ...
Guidelines for Histopathological Evaluation
Guidelines for Histopathological Evaluation

... tract organs; they may, however, disrupt the synchrony of the normal oestrous cycle-associated morphological alterations in the reproductive tract. Thus, whilst individual tissues may be histologically normal, they fail to correlate in terms of oestrous cycle stage when collectively evaluated as a u ...
Minireview
Minireview

... of PER1 increases the sensitivity of human cancer cells to DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, whereas inhibition of PER1 has the opposite effect: it inhibits apoptosis. This finding unveiled some unsuspected links of PER1 with cellular components that operate as key elements in the control of cell growth ...
Reactive Oxygen Intermediates Activate NF-KB in a
Reactive Oxygen Intermediates Activate NF-KB in a

... sis of bound and solvent water in the cell producing OH radicals, hydrated electrons, and H202. Additional H,Oz is generated in irradiated cells by the dismutation of superoxide anions that are produced by the action of hydrated electrons on oxygen molecule^.^ H202 can be converted into highly activ ...
What does cell division do for an organism
What does cell division do for an organism

... What does cell division do for an organism? ...
Skeletal muscle cells
Skeletal muscle cells

... Cell Features: • 1 or 2 centrally placed nuclei • Branched fibers with intercalated discs • Numerous mitochondria (up to 40% of cell volume) • Sarcoplasmic reticulum & T-tubules appear as diads at Z lines – T tubules are about 2x larger in diameter than in skeletal muscle • transport Ca2+ into fiber ...
Reversal of Physiological Stress
Reversal of Physiological Stress

... dues, serines 32 and 36, and phosphorylation site-deficient mutants are incapable of activating NF-␬B (DiDonato et al., 1996). Degradation of I␬B exposes a nuclear localization sequence that allows the translocation of NF-␬B into the nucleus, where it then binds to ␬B motifs in promoter regions and ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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