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... outer nuclear layer (ONL), RPr and CPr are readily distinguished by 4D2 immunoreactivity (RPr) (Fig. 1F), or its absence (CPr) (Fig. 1G). Experiments on dissociated retinal cells from stage 41 tadpoles confirm no cross-reactivity of this antibody with a cone-specific marker (Chang and Harris, 1998) ...
Fibronectin and radial intercalation
Fibronectin and radial intercalation

... Keller and Jansa have further shown that involution and dorsal mesoderm extension occur even in the absence of a BCR (Keller and Jansa, 1992), suggesting that the primary mechanism regulating dorsal mesoderm movement in Xenopus is convergent extension. However, others have reported that inhibition o ...
Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in
Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in

... outer nuclear layer (ONL), RPr and CPr are readily distinguished by 4D2 immunoreactivity (RPr) (Fig. 1F), or its absence (CPr) (Fig. 1G). Experiments on dissociated retinal cells from stage 41 tadpoles confirm no cross-reactivity of this antibody with a cone-specific marker (Chang and Harris, 1998) ...
Number and spatial distribution of nuclei in the muscle fibres of
Number and spatial distribution of nuclei in the muscle fibres of

... (Ullevål Sykehus, Norway; 42.5 mg of chloral hydrate and 9.7 mg pentobarbitone per ml). The mice were placed on a heated plate that was designed to keep the body temperature stable throughout the experiment. The leg was pinned out and the EDL or soleus muscle was exposed by pulling the overlaying mu ...
Purifying rfp Protein
Purifying rfp Protein

... the bacterial cell. Later, cloned genes are inserted into plasmids that have been engineered specifically for protein expression in bacteria or other suitable organism. Such plasmids are known as expression vectors. pARA-R is an expression vector and carries the cloned rfp gene in a specific plasmid ...
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1

... the method requiresaccumulating cells at different eccentricities and from different retinas, it is unknown how regular the features of a particular type might be and whether all types are present at every point in the retina. We have taken a complementary approach, that of reconstructing a group of ...
Effect of Colchicine on Human Tissues.
Effect of Colchicine on Human Tissues.

... spleen, pancreas, adrenals, thyroid, internal genitalia, and brain showed no distinctive changes. Microscopically, the tumor of the right breast was a scirrhous duct carcinoma composed of small groups or columns of cells separated by an abundant dense stroma. Colchicine figuresf were numerous, and n ...
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular senescence
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular senescence

... to this thinking, it is undesirable for cells to be capable of dividing beyond what is required for their participation in normal development and tissue maintenance. The capacity of cells to divide is therefore limited by an intrinsic mechanism that counts the number of divisions through which cell ...
ATCC® EnTEriC DisEAsE rEsEArCh MATEriAls
ATCC® EnTEriC DisEAsE rEsEArCh MATEriAls

... Design smarter experiments with ATCC® panels ATCC Microbial and Tumor Cell Panels enable faster, more intelligent choices when selecting cultures for microbial-based disease research, cancer research, or drug discovery. Each panel is comprised of well-characterized microbial strains or cell lines ma ...
Expression of Multiple Artificial MicroRNAs from a Chicken miRNA126-Based Lentiviral Vector
Expression of Multiple Artificial MicroRNAs from a Chicken miRNA126-Based Lentiviral Vector

... apoptosis [12,13,14]. Different strategies have been investigated to express multiple artificial miRNAs from the same lentiviral vector. Zhou et al reported that two tandem copies of the miR30-based cassette can be expressed in a single transcript driven by a Pol II promoter [15,16]. Subsequently, S ...
Different Doses of the Enhanced UV
Different Doses of the Enhanced UV

... basic food for people globally [1]. Plants as sessile organisms that require sunlight to grow and develop, are inevitably exposed to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (200 - 400 nm), which represent almost 7% of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the sun [2]. Sunlight contains energy rich UV-A (3 ...
mrsa
mrsa

... Data were collected by counting the cells of MRSA taken from fluid samples from the mice. The cells were measured by taking one gram of the fluid and spreading it over plates, but now Katelyn counted the colonies that grew on the plate after 24 hours. Because there were so many, she actually measure ...
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony

... and/or differentiation of the cells involved in the generation of humoral immune responses and also in the secretion of antibodies or other cytokines6. In case of cell mediated immunity, the hematopoietic progenitor cells differentiate into functional immune cells and their differentiation and proli ...
Imaging neural crest cell dynamics during formation
Imaging neural crest cell dynamics during formation

... rotated by 180°, neural crest cells and motor axons migrate through the (now) caudal somite (Bronner-Fraser and Stern, 1991). This segregation of neural crest cells to follow a specific migratory route or corridor suggests that the function of the operative molecular mechanisms is to generate segreg ...
Identification of a New Protein Localized at Sites of Cell
Identification of a New Protein Localized at Sites of Cell

How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and

... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
The effects of extracellular pH on immune function
The effects of extracellular pH on immune function

... pH values of less than 6.0, averaging 0.2– 0.6 units lower than mean extracellular pH of normal tissues (for review, see [8]). Recently, it has been suggested that acidic microenvironments may play a role in inhibiting immune function in certain respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis [9], an ...
Imaging neural crest cell dynamics during formation
Imaging neural crest cell dynamics during formation

... rotated by 180°, neural crest cells and motor axons migrate through the (now) caudal somite (Bronner-Fraser and Stern, 1991). This segregation of neural crest cells to follow a specific migratory route or corridor suggests that the function of the operative molecular mechanisms is to generate segreg ...
Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the Substances
Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the Substances

... P2-It consists of two layers of phospholipids with protein molecules scattered in them P3-Molecules that can pass through the plasma membrane easily are those that can dissolve ...
Experimental evolution of bet hedging
Experimental evolution of bet hedging

... specialization and colony morphology to realize our selection regime. The expected evolutionary response was repeated evolution, fixation and extinction of genotypes with novel colony morphologies. Twelve replicate selection lines were founded with the ancestral genotype and subjected to 16 rounds o ...
immunohistochemical differentiation of triple negative breast cancer
immunohistochemical differentiation of triple negative breast cancer

... P-cadherin, p63, vimentin, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR1) and c-kit8,9. In order to increase the precision of immunohistochemical distribution of tumors into basal-like and non basal-like, it is necessary to use as many different markers as possible, such as CK 5/6, CK 14, CK 17, EGFR, P- ...
Implications for Cystic Fibrosis Disease Patterns in Airway Epithelial
Implications for Cystic Fibrosis Disease Patterns in Airway Epithelial

... absolute change up). Absolute down-regulation (change down) is the converse situation. Gene transcripts that were detected as present in both compared groups were classified as showing relative change. Using the presence/absence tests, we filtered the gene transcripts within each strain group to rem ...
Print - Circulation Research
Print - Circulation Research

... subunit of the basement membrane which is visible, in most cases, only with the electron microscope (for terminology, see References 6 and 7) although some unusually thick basal laminae such as renal glomerular membrane and Descemet's membrane are prominent even at the light microscope level. To dat ...
AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES PRODUCED IN VITRO
AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES PRODUCED IN VITRO

... with heavily granulated macrophages which had been cultured in a high serum medium. Fresh mouse peritoneal macrophages or human blood monocytes are relatively immature cells with only small numbers of dense bodies. Chloroquine also induced extensive vacuole formation in these cells; this finding eli ...
Retinoid signaling regulates primitive (yolk sac
Retinoid signaling regulates primitive (yolk sac

... From the Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and the Department of Food Science and ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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