Strategies of actin reorganisation in plant cells
... al., 2004; Voigt et al., 2005), possessed no obvious toxicity to plants and was used to measure dynamic behaviour of actin filaments in vivo (Staiger et al., 2009). Recently, a new probe called Lifeact has been generated and this is derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-binding protein Abp ...
... al., 2004; Voigt et al., 2005), possessed no obvious toxicity to plants and was used to measure dynamic behaviour of actin filaments in vivo (Staiger et al., 2009). Recently, a new probe called Lifeact has been generated and this is derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-binding protein Abp ...
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.
... Actin in vivo is found in a wide array of structures in association with a variety of other proteins (Stossel, 1984). Purified actin can polymerize into 7 nm microfilaments similar to those found in vivo. Together, actin and its associated proteins are thought to play many roles in the eukaryotic ce ...
... Actin in vivo is found in a wide array of structures in association with a variety of other proteins (Stossel, 1984). Purified actin can polymerize into 7 nm microfilaments similar to those found in vivo. Together, actin and its associated proteins are thought to play many roles in the eukaryotic ce ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... 21.5 kDa that requires a Ca2C-dependent conformational change to enable it to bind its target proteins, which are often substrates of kinase-dependent phosphorylation reactions [27]. S100B has been found to bind tightly (dissociation constant, Kdz0.2–1 mM) to a 12-residue peptide by phage-display st ...
... 21.5 kDa that requires a Ca2C-dependent conformational change to enable it to bind its target proteins, which are often substrates of kinase-dependent phosphorylation reactions [27]. S100B has been found to bind tightly (dissociation constant, Kdz0.2–1 mM) to a 12-residue peptide by phage-display st ...
Skeletal Muscles
... initiating contraction. Structure of Myofibrils Under the electron microscope, the myofibril is seen to consist of longitudinal, fine myofilaments, of which two types have been identified, differing in size and chemical composition. The thick filaments are 10 nm in diameter; thin filaments have a di ...
... initiating contraction. Structure of Myofibrils Under the electron microscope, the myofibril is seen to consist of longitudinal, fine myofilaments, of which two types have been identified, differing in size and chemical composition. The thick filaments are 10 nm in diameter; thin filaments have a di ...
Bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton
... the enzymatic components, and is similar to that in other ADP-ribosylating toxins. The active site consists of a NAD-binding cavity, composed of a β-strand and an α-helix flanked by two residues important for catalytic activity (Arg or His, and Glu) [6]. The residues (STS(I/L)) forming the β-strand ...
... the enzymatic components, and is similar to that in other ADP-ribosylating toxins. The active site consists of a NAD-binding cavity, composed of a β-strand and an α-helix flanked by two residues important for catalytic activity (Arg or His, and Glu) [6]. The residues (STS(I/L)) forming the β-strand ...
A single-headed fission yeast myosin V transports actin in a
... Va myosin from vertebrates is shown for comparison. To directly show the state of oligomerization of Myo51, we visualized the motor by EM of negatively stained samples (Fig. S1). The images showed a single-headed motor, consistent with the low predicted coiled-coil propensity of the tail. Representa ...
... Va myosin from vertebrates is shown for comparison. To directly show the state of oligomerization of Myo51, we visualized the motor by EM of negatively stained samples (Fig. S1). The images showed a single-headed motor, consistent with the low predicted coiled-coil propensity of the tail. Representa ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... while the total concentration of polymerized actin remains roughly constant. Net polymerization occurs primarily at the cell front and net depolymerization occurs, depending on cell type, throughout or at the rear of the lamella (Wang, 1985; Symons and Mitchison, 1991; Theriot and Mitchison, 1992; Z ...
... while the total concentration of polymerized actin remains roughly constant. Net polymerization occurs primarily at the cell front and net depolymerization occurs, depending on cell type, throughout or at the rear of the lamella (Wang, 1985; Symons and Mitchison, 1991; Theriot and Mitchison, 1992; Z ...
Actin behavior in bulk cytoplasm is cell cycle regulated in early
... ionophore, before extract preparation; and (ii) 400 M Ca2+ was added to M-phase extracts to breakdown CSF, followed by incubation for 30 minutes at 20°C to allow the cell cycle to progress. The added Ca2+ is rapidly sequestered into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the extract, so this treatment resem ...
... ionophore, before extract preparation; and (ii) 400 M Ca2+ was added to M-phase extracts to breakdown CSF, followed by incubation for 30 minutes at 20°C to allow the cell cycle to progress. The added Ca2+ is rapidly sequestered into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the extract, so this treatment resem ...
Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility
... This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress in research on muscle contraction and cell motility, not only for investigators in these research fields but also for general readers who are interested in these topics. One of the most attractive features of living organisms is t ...
... This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress in research on muscle contraction and cell motility, not only for investigators in these research fields but also for general readers who are interested in these topics. One of the most attractive features of living organisms is t ...
PDF
... branchial sac and body wall musculature. Several minor actin isoforms also exist in Styela, but their relationship to the major actin species is unknown. Eggs and early embryos contain almost exclusively cytoskeletal actins, whereas larvae contain all three major actin isoforms (Tomlinson & Jeffery, ...
... branchial sac and body wall musculature. Several minor actin isoforms also exist in Styela, but their relationship to the major actin species is unknown. Eggs and early embryos contain almost exclusively cytoskeletal actins, whereas larvae contain all three major actin isoforms (Tomlinson & Jeffery, ...
emboj2011361-sup
... channel (10 mm x 25 mm x 100 μm deep, i.e. 25 μL volume) was formed between slide and coverslip and the coverslip ends projected by about (7.5 mm) either side of the slide edge. The inverted microscope arrangement (TE2000, Nikon, Kingston, Surrey, UK) used in these experiments requires that the cove ...
... channel (10 mm x 25 mm x 100 μm deep, i.e. 25 μL volume) was formed between slide and coverslip and the coverslip ends projected by about (7.5 mm) either side of the slide edge. The inverted microscope arrangement (TE2000, Nikon, Kingston, Surrey, UK) used in these experiments requires that the cove ...
PhD értekezés tézisei
... In order to study the global conformational changes during ATP hydrolysis DSC technique was used. DSC is not structure examination method, therefore the results of DSC can give only information about the thermodynamic behaviour of the actomyosin complex, thus from the thermograms we can draw the co ...
... In order to study the global conformational changes during ATP hydrolysis DSC technique was used. DSC is not structure examination method, therefore the results of DSC can give only information about the thermodynamic behaviour of the actomyosin complex, thus from the thermograms we can draw the co ...
The Cytoskeleton of the Cardiac Muscle Cell
... create the heads, which can be connected to the actin and have ATP binding sites. The same heads have enzymic capacity to carry out ATP hydrolysis. The four light chains are connected to the head. After a short proteolysis, heavy chains break into two parts, the light and the heavy meromyosin. Light ...
... create the heads, which can be connected to the actin and have ATP binding sites. The same heads have enzymic capacity to carry out ATP hydrolysis. The four light chains are connected to the head. After a short proteolysis, heavy chains break into two parts, the light and the heavy meromyosin. Light ...
Peeping in on the cytoskeleton: light microscopy
... peptides isolated from Amanita phalloides9. These peptides selectively bind filamentous actin (F-actin) and not monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and appear to retain their affinity for F-actin across eukaryotic species (Figure 1). Deoxyribonulease (DNAse I) binds G-actin strongly and its fluoresce ...
... peptides isolated from Amanita phalloides9. These peptides selectively bind filamentous actin (F-actin) and not monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and appear to retain their affinity for F-actin across eukaryotic species (Figure 1). Deoxyribonulease (DNAse I) binds G-actin strongly and its fluoresce ...
F-actin Sequesters Elongation Factor from Interaction with
... to loose bundling between pH 6.7 and 7.6 (Edmonds et al., 1995). It has been proposed that pH may regulate the association of E F - l a with the cytoskeleton in such a way as to regulate, both spatially and temporally, its activity as an elongation factor (Liu et al., 1996). This is potentially impo ...
... to loose bundling between pH 6.7 and 7.6 (Edmonds et al., 1995). It has been proposed that pH may regulate the association of E F - l a with the cytoskeleton in such a way as to regulate, both spatially and temporally, its activity as an elongation factor (Liu et al., 1996). This is potentially impo ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... analysis [39], as well as subsequent structural studies [16•,40] indicated that actin filaments are short and oriented at an angle to the tail axis, which is consistent with a branched structure, but a later analysis [15] suggested that a significant fraction of the filaments were long and co-axial ...
... analysis [39], as well as subsequent structural studies [16•,40] indicated that actin filaments are short and oriented at an angle to the tail axis, which is consistent with a branched structure, but a later analysis [15] suggested that a significant fraction of the filaments were long and co-axial ...
Differential actin binding along the PEVK domain of skeletal muscle
... sequences including a proline-, glutamate-, valine- and lysinerich (PEVK) domain (Labeit and Kolmerer, 1995). When stretching the sarcomere, a passive force is generated by the extension of the I-band section of titin. The extension of this I-band section occurs as a series of consecutive events (Ga ...
... sequences including a proline-, glutamate-, valine- and lysinerich (PEVK) domain (Labeit and Kolmerer, 1995). When stretching the sarcomere, a passive force is generated by the extension of the I-band section of titin. The extension of this I-band section occurs as a series of consecutive events (Ga ...
Muscle contraction
... towards each other. It also shortens the sarcomere and the Iband. ATP binds myosin, allowing it to release actin and be in the weak binding state. (A lack of ATP makes this step impossible, resulting in rigor mortis.) The myosin then hydrolyzes the ATP and uses the energy to move into the "cocked ba ...
... towards each other. It also shortens the sarcomere and the Iband. ATP binds myosin, allowing it to release actin and be in the weak binding state. (A lack of ATP makes this step impossible, resulting in rigor mortis.) The myosin then hydrolyzes the ATP and uses the energy to move into the "cocked ba ...
Characterization and Dynamics of Cytoplasmic F
... made at different levels, i.e., in the interzone and the polar regions, on four to five cells at each stage of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase (Fig. 8, c-e). Within the depth of focus these crisscrossed bundles may be either in contact or in close vicinity. These measurements, along the pole to po ...
... made at different levels, i.e., in the interzone and the polar regions, on four to five cells at each stage of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase (Fig. 8, c-e). Within the depth of focus these crisscrossed bundles may be either in contact or in close vicinity. These measurements, along the pole to po ...
PDF - Bezanilla Lab
... because For2A-3XmEGFP rescues the For2 RNAi phenotype (Fig. S4). To test whether the PTEN-like domain is sufficient for apical localization, we generated a moss line expressing PTEN-mEGFP. PTEN-mEGFP is also apically localized during growth (Fig. 4), suggesting that the PTEN-like domain confers apic ...
... because For2A-3XmEGFP rescues the For2 RNAi phenotype (Fig. S4). To test whether the PTEN-like domain is sufficient for apical localization, we generated a moss line expressing PTEN-mEGFP. PTEN-mEGFP is also apically localized during growth (Fig. 4), suggesting that the PTEN-like domain confers apic ...
8/21/08 Transcript I
... In order to get our coiled-coil arrangement within myosin tails, we have to have the 7 reside heptad repeats and there are more repeats which we have not talked about at great lengths (28 reside repeat which is 4 of these 7 residues and there is a 196 reside repeat which is a multiple of 7 residue ...
... In order to get our coiled-coil arrangement within myosin tails, we have to have the 7 reside heptad repeats and there are more repeats which we have not talked about at great lengths (28 reside repeat which is 4 of these 7 residues and there is a 196 reside repeat which is a multiple of 7 residue ...
Anillin, a Contractile Ring Protein That Cycles from the Nucleus to
... 1994). The orientation of this ring is governed by the positions of the mitotic spindle through an unknown mechanism (Rappaport and Rappaport, 1974). During late anaphase, the cell cortex changes in the region where the cleavage furrow will form. Both myosin II and the recently identified septin pro ...
... 1994). The orientation of this ring is governed by the positions of the mitotic spindle through an unknown mechanism (Rappaport and Rappaport, 1974). During late anaphase, the cell cortex changes in the region where the cleavage furrow will form. Both myosin II and the recently identified septin pro ...
Identification of plant cytoskeleton-interacting proteins
... and extent of actin filament disassembly in a dose-dependent manner, but was not quite as potent as AtFIM1 under the identical conditions. The collective results strongly support the notion that ERD10 is capable of binding to either the side or the ends of actin filaments in vitro and alters the dyn ...
... and extent of actin filament disassembly in a dose-dependent manner, but was not quite as potent as AtFIM1 under the identical conditions. The collective results strongly support the notion that ERD10 is capable of binding to either the side or the ends of actin filaments in vitro and alters the dyn ...
Comparison of cryofixation and aldehyde fixation for plant actin
... (E, F, I, J), and embedded in Steedman’s wax. Formaldehyde-fixed samples show identical actin staining patterns to those obtained in cryofixed samples. Shown are cells of cortex (A–F), epidermis (G, I), and stele (H, J). Photographs were taken using an epifluorescence microscope. Scale bar in J = 10 ...
... (E, F, I, J), and embedded in Steedman’s wax. Formaldehyde-fixed samples show identical actin staining patterns to those obtained in cryofixed samples. Shown are cells of cortex (A–F), epidermis (G, I), and stele (H, J). Photographs were taken using an epifluorescence microscope. Scale bar in J = 10 ...
Actin
Actin is a globular multi-functional protein that forms microfilaments. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells (the only known exception being nematode sperm), where it may be present at concentrations of over 100 μM. An actin protein's mass is roughly 42-kDa and it is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells. It can be present as either a free monomer called G-actin (globular) or as part of a linear polymer microfilament called F-actin (filamentous), both of which are essential for such important cellular functions as the mobility and contraction of cells during cell division.Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes. In vertebrates, three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins, found in muscle tissues, are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. It is believed that the diverse range of structures formed by actin enabling it to fulfill such a large range of functions is regulated through the binding of tropomyosin along the filaments.A cell’s ability to dynamically form microfilaments provides the scaffolding that allows it to rapidly remodel itself in response to its environment or to the organism’s internal signals, for example, to increase cell membrane absorption or increase cell adhesion in order to form cell tissue. Other enzymes or organelles such as cilia can be anchored to this scaffolding in order to control the deformation of the external cell membrane, which allows endocytosis and cytokinesis. It can also produce movement either by itself or with the help of molecular motors. Actin therefore contributes to processes such as the intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles as well as muscular contraction and cellular migration. It therefore plays an important role in embryogenesis, the healing of wounds and the invasivity of cancer cells. The evolutionary origin of actin can be traced to prokaryotic cells, which have equivalent proteins. Actin homologs from prokaryotes and archea polymerize into different helical or linear filaments consisting of one or multiple strands. However the in-strand contacts and nucleotide binding sites are preserved in prokaryotes and in archea. Lastly, actin plays an important role in the control of gene expression.A large number of illnesses and diseases are caused by mutations in alleles of the genes that regulate the production of actin or of its associated proteins. The production of actin is also key to the process of infection by some pathogenic microorganisms. Mutations in the different genes that regulate actin production in humans can cause muscular diseases, variations in the size and function of the heart as well as deafness. The make-up of the cytoskeleton is also related to the pathogenicity of intracellular bacteria and viruses, particularly in the processes related to evading the actions of the immune system.