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Functional Programming Languages (LISP/ Scheme)
Functional Programming Languages (LISP/ Scheme)

... # A functional language provides the following: 1) A set of primitive functions (car, cdr, cons, etc.) 2) A set of functional forms to form complex functions from primitive ones. (define, defun, etc.) 3) A function application operation. (eval) 4) Some structure or structures for storing data. (Defi ...
Lecture 11 - Nipissing University Word
Lecture 11 - Nipissing University Word

... The special form let is a function that provides a way of introducing temporary variables or binding local variables. Temporary variables can serve the result of a computation. The general form of let is (let ( (variable1 value1) (variable2 value2) ...
Lisp vs Scheme
Lisp vs Scheme

... • objects can change their classes at runtime • classes can change their definitions at runtime • multi-methods, specialized on classes or single objects • (user-defined) method combinations • all important aspects can be configured via the CLOS MOP ...
Chapter_4
Chapter_4

...  The symbol  is the Greek letter lambda, and is typed at the keyboard as a backslash \.  In mathematics, nameless functions are usually denoted using the  symbol, as in x  x+x.  In Haskell, the use of the  symbol for nameless functions comes from the lambda calculus, the theory of functions o ...
ppt
ppt

... Only bound variables can be renamed. No free variables can be captured (become bound) in the process. For example, we cannot alpha-rename x to y. ...
Lecture10
Lecture10

A short introduction to the Lambda Calculus
A short introduction to the Lambda Calculus

... 2. Expressions in the λ-calculus. The λ-calculus is a notation for functions. It is extremely economical but at first sight perhaps somewhat cryptic, which stems from its origins in mathematical logic. Expressions in the λ-calculus are written in strict prefix form, that is, there are no infix or po ...
The scope of local v..
The scope of local v..

... • Therefore, there are 2 different variables with the same name (r) inside the inner scope • Houston, we have a problem... ...
CSC 533: Programming Languages Spring 2015
CSC 533: Programming Languages Spring 2015

Functional Programming
Functional Programming

ppt - Dave Reed
ppt - Dave Reed

... with tail-recursion, don't need to retain current activation record when make call  can discard the current activation record, push record for new recursive call  thus, no limit on recursion depth (each recursive call reuses the same memory)  Scheme interpreters are required to perform this tail- ...
08 – Functional Paradigm and Scheme
08 – Functional Paradigm and Scheme

... when the loop should stop. Without any state changes, all loops would be infinite loops! So, pure functional languages also do not contain loops. At first, the inability to use variables or loops probably seems extremely limiting – even disastrous! However, the paradigm does support recursion, and t ...
ppt - Dave Reed
ppt - Dave Reed

... note: an if-expression is a special form  is not considered a functional expression, doesn’t follow standard evaluation rules (if (list? x) (car x) (list x)) ...
ppt - Dave Reed
ppt - Dave Reed

... with tail-recursion, don't need to retain current activation record when make call  can discard the current activation record, push record for new recursive call  thus, no limit on recursion depth (each recursive call reuses the same memory)  Scheme interpreters are required to perform this tail- ...
ppt - Dave Reed
ppt - Dave Reed

List
List

... • You can open code saved in a file. DrScheme uses the extension “.scm” so consider the following file “fact.scm” created with a text editor or saved from DrScheme: ...
Lecture10 - CIS @ UPenn
Lecture10 - CIS @ UPenn

Here
Here

... • Concept first used by Dijkstra in 1968 as gotoless programming. • Called structured programming in early 1970s• Program only with if, while and sequence control structures. ...
Functional Programming Big Picture
Functional Programming Big Picture

... Organization of Programming Languages-Cheng (Fall 2004) ...
LISP
LISP

Slides
Slides

... CSci 4223 ...
Ch1516rev
Ch1516rev

... inferencing to determine the types of undeclared variables (will see in Chapter 5)  It is strongly typed (whereas Scheme is essentially typeless) and has no type coercions  Includes exception handling and a module facility for implementing abstract data types ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... inferencing to determine the types of undeclared variables (will see in Chapter 5)  It is strongly typed (whereas Scheme is essentially typeless) and has no type coercions  Includes exception handling and a module facility for implementing abstract data types ...
Defining Functions
Defining Functions

... (1) Consider a function safetail that behaves in the same way as tail, except that safetail maps the empty list to the empty list, whereas tail gives an error in this case. Define safetail using: (a) a conditional expression; ...
bYTEBoss control
bYTEBoss control

... • Function representing the rest of the program • Generalized form of tail recursion • Used in Lisp and ML compilation, some OS projects, web application development, … ...
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Closure (computer programming)

In programming languages, closures (also lexical closures or function closures) are a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in languages with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment: a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope) with the value or storage location to which the name was bound when the closure was created. A closure—unlike a plain function—allows the function to access those captured variables through the closure's reference to them, even when the function is invoked outside their scope.Example. The following program fragment defines a higher-order function startAt with a parameter x and a nested function incrementBy. The nested function incrementBy has access to x, because incrementBy is in the lexical scope of x, even though x is not local to incrementBy. The function startAt returns a closure containing the function incrementBy, which adds the y value to the x value, and a reference to the variable x from this invocation of startAt, so incrementBy will know where to find it once invoked:function startAt(x) function incrementBy(y) return x + y return incrementByvariable closure1 = startAt(1)variable closure2 = startAt(5)Note that, as startAt returns a function, the variables closure1 and closure2 are of function type. Invoking closure1(3) will return 4, while invoking closure2(3) will return 8. While closure1 and closure2 refer to the same function incrementBy, the associated environments differ, and invoking the closures will bind the name x to two distinct variables with different values in the two invocations, thus evaluating the function to different results.
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