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TILC: The Interactive Lambda-Calculus Tracer1
TILC: The Interactive Lambda-Calculus Tracer1

... TILC is a graphical application that mainly consists of an area where lambda-terms are textually introduced, and a panel where the parse-tree of the term is represented and can be manipulated. The effects of these manipulations are graphically and textually reproduced: sub-term identification, bound ...
Lisp - University of Connecticut
Lisp - University of Connecticut

... automatically converted by a compiler to use iteration, making it faster • Scheme language definition requires that Scheme language systems convert all tail recursive functions to use iteration ...
Slides - Chapter 10
Slides - Chapter 10

Functional Programming
Functional Programming

3. Functional Programming
3. Functional Programming

... Again, as we shall see with the lambda calculus, functions can either be evaluated strictly, by evaluating all arguments first (i.e., especially is the arguments are complex expressions, not primitive values), or lazily, by evaluating arguments only if and when they are needed. Conventional languag ...
review of haskell
review of haskell

... Polymorphic Functions A function is called polymorphic (“of many forms”) if its type contains one or more type variables. length :: [a]  Int ...
Introduction to Emacs and Emacs lisp
Introduction to Emacs and Emacs lisp

...  Computer must be able to process symbolic data and linked lists ...
This article discusses the programming language LISP. The
This article discusses the programming language LISP. The

Elements of Functional Programming
Elements of Functional Programming

... rather than the states will be frozen; environments map names to locations, which further contain values, instead of directly to values. This special value keeping both the function and its declaration state or environment is called a closure in the literature. We will discuss this concept in depth ...
val
val

... • Most functional languages include some form of let construct – Related to blocks of imperative languages • A let construct has two parts – The first part binds names to values – The second part uses the names defined in the first part ...
curried functions - Universitatea "Politehnica"
curried functions - Universitatea "Politehnica"

STC 2016 Programming Language Storytime
STC 2016 Programming Language Storytime

Using TEX`s language within a course about functional programming
Using TEX`s language within a course about functional programming

... If we consider programming in TEX [17], we have to at the Faculty of Science and Technics, located at Besanadmit that this language is old-fashioned, and programs çon, in the east of France. Most of these students already are often viewed as rebuses, as shown in the Pearls of TEX know a functional p ...
Introduction, Scheme basics (expressions, values)
Introduction, Scheme basics (expressions, values)

... In scheme, the value of a define, display expression is “void” of type Void. Never write code that relies on such value! ...
slides
slides

... - Similar to ML (syntax, static scoped, strongly typed, type inferencing) - Different from ML (and most other functional languages) in that it is PURELY functional (e.g., no variables, no assignment statements, and no side effects of any kind) - Most Important Features - Uses lazy evaluation (evalua ...
15. Functional Programming Languages.
15. Functional Programming Languages.

... - A static-scoped functional language with syntax that is closer to Pascal than to LISP - Uses type declarations, but also does type inferencing to determine the types of undeclared variables (See Chapter 4) - It is strongly typed (whereas Scheme is essentially typeless) and has no type coercions - ...
Chapter 14 Functional Programming Languages
Chapter 14 Functional Programming Languages

... - Similar to ML (syntax, static scoped, strongly typed, type inferencing) - Different from ML (and most other functional languages) in that it is PURELY functional (e.g., no variables, no assignment statements, and no side effects of any kind) - Most Important Features - Uses lazy evaluation (evalua ...
Parametric Polymorphism and Abstract Models of Storage
Parametric Polymorphism and Abstract Models of Storage

... [Declarative languages] are an interesting subset, but... inconvenient... We need them because at the moment we don’t know how to construct proofs with ... imperatives and ...
Functional Programming
Functional Programming

... made between "expressions" and "statements" • Code and data are written as expressions. • When an expression is evaluated, it produces a value (or list of values), which then can be embedded into other expressions. ...
Example
Example

... mathematical functions to the greatest extent possible • In an imperative language, – operations are done and the results are stored in variables for later use – Management of variables is a constant concern and source of complexity for imperative programming ...
Scheme: More function examples, higher
Scheme: More function examples, higher

... – The return value is a function. – Let's see an example of this in math (rather than in Scheme): Define f(x) = x+2. Define g(x) = 2*x. Let h = compose([f, g]). That is, compose "returns" a function, which we're "assigning" to h. Then h(x) = f(g(x)). e.g. h(3) = f(g(3)) = f(2*3) = 6+2 = 8. ...
Functional Programming
Functional Programming

... • The CR theorem states that if an expression can be reduced by zero or more reduction steps to either expression M or expression N then there exists some other irreducible expression, a normal form, to which both M and N can be reduced. – This implies that the normal form for any expression is uniq ...
λ Calculus - Computer Science at RPI
λ Calculus - Computer Science at RPI

Document
Document

... - List form: parenthesized collections of sublists and/or atoms e.g., (A B (C D) E) - Originally, LISP was a typeless language - LISP lists are stored internally as single-linked lists - Lambda notation is used to specify functions and function definitions, function applications, and data all have t ...
ppt
ppt

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Closure (computer programming)

In programming languages, closures (also lexical closures or function closures) are a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in languages with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment: a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope) with the value or storage location to which the name was bound when the closure was created. A closure—unlike a plain function—allows the function to access those captured variables through the closure's reference to them, even when the function is invoked outside their scope.Example. The following program fragment defines a higher-order function startAt with a parameter x and a nested function incrementBy. The nested function incrementBy has access to x, because incrementBy is in the lexical scope of x, even though x is not local to incrementBy. The function startAt returns a closure containing the function incrementBy, which adds the y value to the x value, and a reference to the variable x from this invocation of startAt, so incrementBy will know where to find it once invoked:function startAt(x) function incrementBy(y) return x + y return incrementByvariable closure1 = startAt(1)variable closure2 = startAt(5)Note that, as startAt returns a function, the variables closure1 and closure2 are of function type. Invoking closure1(3) will return 4, while invoking closure2(3) will return 8. While closure1 and closure2 refer to the same function incrementBy, the associated environments differ, and invoking the closures will bind the name x to two distinct variables with different values in the two invocations, thus evaluating the function to different results.
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