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Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards
Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards

... First Level: Basic Objectives Financial reporting should provide information that: (a) is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions. (b) helps present and potential investors and creditors and other users in ...
Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards
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... • Ratios can help the business to see how it is doing now and allow it to see how it compares to last year or the year before and against competitors • These ratios can be used to identify any trends over time. • Calculate each ratio and explain how it can be used to measure the performance of a bus ...
Financial Accounting
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... A sole proprietor’s owner’s equity balance was $10,000 at the beginning of the year and was $22,000 at the end of the year. During the year the owner invested $5,000 in the business and had withdrawn $24,000 for personal use. The sole proprietorship’s net income for the year was $ ...
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... of debits and credits. Objective 2: Prepare financial statements. a. Prepare a formal Income Statement for a Merchandising business calculating the following Net Sales, Cost of Goods/Merchandise Sold, Gross Profit, Total Expenses and Net Income/Net Loss. b. Use appropriate formulas to prepare a Stat ...
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International Financial Reporting Standards

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are designed as a common global language for business affairs so that company accounts are understandable and comparable across international boundaries. They are a consequence of growing international shareholding and trade and are particularly important for companies that have dealings in several countries. They are progressively replacing the many different national accounting standards. They are the rules to be followed by accountants to maintain books of accounts which is comparable, understandable, reliable and relevant as per the users internal or external.IFRS, with the exception of IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies and IFRIC 7 Applying the Restatement Approach under IAS 29, are authorized in terms of the historical cost paradigm. IAS 29 and IFRIC 7 are authorized in terms of the units of constant purchasing power paradigm.IFRS began as an attempt to harmonize accounting across the European Union but the value of harmonization quickly made the concept attractive around the world. However, it has been debated whether or not de facto harmonization has occurred. Standards that were issued by IASC (the predecessor of IASB) and are still within use today go by the name International Accounting Standards (IAS), while standards issued by IASB are called IFRS. IAS were issued between 1973 and 2001 by the Board of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). On 1 April 2001, the new International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) took over from the IASC the responsibility for setting International Accounting Standards. During its first meeting the new Board adopted existing IAS and Standing Interpretations Committee standards (SICs). The IASB has continued to develop standards calling the new standards ""International Financial Reporting Standards"".In the absence of a Standard or an Interpretation that specifically applies to a transaction, management must use its judgement in developing and applying an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable. In making that judgement, IAS 8.11 requires management to consider the definitions, recognition criteria, and measurement concepts for assets, liabilities, income, and expenses in the Framework.Criticisms of IFRS are (1) that they are not being adopted in the US (see GAAP), (2) a number of criticisms from France and (3) that IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies had no positive effect at all during 6 years in Zimbabwe's hyperinflationary economy. The IASB offered responses to the first two criticisms, but has offered no response to the last criticism while IAS 29 is currently (March 2014) being implemented in its original ineffective form in Venezuela and Belarus.
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