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CF8000 - Ortec
CF8000 - Ortec

... The purpose of a discriminator in nuclear electronics is to produce a standard output signal from an analog input signal to define the time of an event. The constant fraction discriminator gives an output signal at a fixed delay after a constant fraction of the pulse’s rise-time. This guarantees goo ...
Charge Pump IC Test Plan
Charge Pump IC Test Plan

... o To make a diode, the drain-body junctions of PMOS were used. These parasitic diodes are not modeled well in simulation and varying their width areas does not show much change in their conductivities. o The IC has been designed with this in mind. If the large diode-connected PMOS do not function pr ...
Electronic devices and circuits
Electronic devices and circuits

... the electrical components and describe the interconnections between them. When completed, [[verylarge-scale integration|VLSI]] engineers convert the schematics into actual layouts, which map the layers of various [[conductor (material)|conductor]] and [[semiconductor]] materials needed to construct ...
AP1507  150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Description
AP1507 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Description

... level signals thus dropping the total input supply current to approximately 150uA. Pulling this pin below a threshold voltage of approximately 1.3V turns the regulator on, and pulling this pin above 1.3V (up to a maximum of 18V) shuts the regulator down. If this shutdown feature is not needed, the O ...
single phase inverte - Solid State Controls, Inc.
single phase inverte - Solid State Controls, Inc.

... The Inverter uses Insulated Gate Bi-polar Transistors (IGBT's) to produce an alternating current square wave at a frequency determined by a crystal controlled oscillator. The output is filtered by a ferroresonant regulator, which creates a low distortion sine wave output from the square wave input ...
Lutron Stanza Guestrom Light Control System CSI spec(16570 CSI
Lutron Stanza Guestrom Light Control System CSI spec(16570 CSI

... 1. Provide local control at lamp socket: a. To override master controls. b. In the event that communication with other devices in the system is interrupted. 2. Capable of dimming incandescent, halogen, and dimmable compact fluorescent bulbs 3. Capable of switching non-dimmable compact fluorescent bu ...
2N5401 - CordellAudio.com
2N5401 - CordellAudio.com

Manual
Manual

Position Sensorless Control Based on Coordinate Transformation
Position Sensorless Control Based on Coordinate Transformation

... of the open-circuit field [21] and may distort the motor air-gap magnetic field excited by PM. 2) Error Caused by the Low-Pass Filters: Usually, the terminal or phase voltages are used instead for sensorless control, as the back EMF is difficult to be detected directly. The terminal voltage is the c ...
SoC_Embedded Processor2
SoC_Embedded Processor2

... overall design process. – From algorithm selection to silicon process technology – Generally, the higher the level of abstraction, the greater the opportunity for power savings. ...
Fuzzy Logic seminar.pdf
Fuzzy Logic seminar.pdf

... quantity. The purpose of instrumentation amplifier is to make the output of the transducer something compatible with the SDC . The ADC converts the analog quantity in to an eight bit digital data. AQ transducer is a device that converts any non electrical signal into an electrical signal. In this pr ...
Simulation of Multi Converter Unified Power Quality Conditioner for
Simulation of Multi Converter Unified Power Quality Conditioner for

... Figure 1: MC-UPQC in Distribution System The Multi Converter UPQC is mainly used 1) To regulate the load voltage against sag/swell & disturbances in the system to protect the nonlinear/ sensitive load L1. 2) To regulate the load voltage against sag/swell, interruption & disturbances in the system to ...
Monitoring technique
Monitoring technique

... max. 0.14 VA max. 0.7 VA * (for higher currents use external current transformer see connection diagram) Short time overload: 2.5 x Imax for 2 s, 5 x Imax for 0.5 s Suitable current transformers: 1 A or 5 A types, class 3, with necessary load capacity Current range SL 9065CT: 5 ... 100 A via integra ...
QR/PSR CV/CC Controller BL8830A
QR/PSR CV/CC Controller BL8830A

... turn-on spike occurs across the sensing resistor. To avoid premature termination of the switching pulse, an internal leading edge blanking circuit is built in. During this blanking period (500ns, typical), the cycle-by-cycle current limiting comparator is disabled and cannot switch off the gate driv ...
Article PSD From toys to tools
Article PSD From toys to tools

... necessarily mean that the inductor is not a good one – its main function is to carry dc current, and the harmonic currents must be considered individually to see how severe the heating problem will be. It is essential to consider Dowell’s equation in your design. Figure 4 also shows measurements of ...
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... A main program should successively call the subroutine sound.asm for each of the notes of the tune to be played, passing to it, as arguments, the frequency corresponding to the note, and the duration in milliseconds that the note is to be played. sound.asm implements the frequencies required by send ...
Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

... 3) The pulsed RF power from the wide band amplifier is fed through a noise suppressor. This consists of a string of diode pairs connected in parallel with their polarities reversed. The forward bias of the diodes suppresses noise from the wide band amplifier during times when the switch is off. When ...
Improvement Of Power Quality By Hybrid Energy Conversion
Improvement Of Power Quality By Hybrid Energy Conversion

... series connected configurations are the conventional solution. The grid connected PV system employing the cascaded H-bridge multi level inverters or other multi level configurations is introduced to optimize the PV output power [5].The converter topology is a high gain integrated cascaded boost conv ...
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MAX15059 Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features
MAX15059 Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features

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Electric Service Standards
Electric Service Standards

... service is already being supplied. Motors 7.5 to 20 horsepower require open delta service (or wye if already being supplied), and motors larger than 20 horsepower require wye service. Availability of three phase service should be discussed in advance with FPL. Single phase motors larger than one-hal ...
Design Analysis of a Remote Controlled “Pick and Place”
Design Analysis of a Remote Controlled “Pick and Place”

Aatmesh_alicia_finalProject
Aatmesh_alicia_finalProject

... • As voltage at A changes, frequency of VCO changes and because frequency changes voltage at OUT will changes. In other words voltage at A changes voltage at OUT. • This means there is a phase difference b/w A and OUT or there is a pole b/w A and OUT. • OUT being feedback net so this pole impacts th ...
AN3193
AN3193

... The STM32L embeds a 12-bit / 1 MSps ADC. This very fast but accurate converter can jeopardize the battery lifetime if left powered-up continuously, with a 1.45 mA typical consumption. With its calibration-free architecture, fast power-up time of 3.5 µs and a conversion time of 1 µs, 6 conversions ca ...
Aalborg Universitet Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filters Under Adverse Grid Conditions
Aalborg Universitet Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filters Under Adverse Grid Conditions

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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