• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Ieee paper
Ieee paper

... for eliminating these problems have been developed [4] - [6]. If the second inverter is not having a battery source and is being fed by a floating capacitor, these problems can be solved. Also, by controlling the capacitor voltage, motor supply voltage can be boosted at high speeds [7]-[9]. This pap ...
“Capacitor Switching and Capacitor Switching Devices” Thomas P
“Capacitor Switching and Capacitor Switching Devices” Thomas P

... Power circuit breakers and circuit switchers are general purpose devices designed primarily for line/bus switching and protection. They have been used for shunt capacitor switching for many years. Circuit breakers will almost always interrupt the current at a forced current zero or the first current ...
MAX4506/MAX4507 Fault-Protected, High-Voltage Signal-Line Protectors General Description
MAX4506/MAX4507 Fault-Protected, High-Voltage Signal-Line Protectors General Description

... The MAX4506/MAX4507 protect other integrated circuits connected to its output from latching up. Latchup is caused by parasitic SCR(s) within the IC turning on, and can occur when the supply voltage applied to the IC exceeds the specified operating range. Latchup can also occur when signal voltage is ...
New Approaches to CATV System Powering
New Approaches to CATV System Powering

... voltage drop. An amplifier at this location will draw current for a longer period of the cycle in order to supply constant power to its circuitry. The window of minimal power consumption can also be altered due to power factor of a particular location. A load with a capacitive component (such as CAT ...
Visit Engineering Essentials Vol. III electronicdesign.com/subscribe
Visit Engineering Essentials Vol. III electronicdesign.com/subscribe

Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... a positive feedback to quickly resolve differential voltages of few millivolts. In the acquisition phase (when ck=1), this comparator behaves as a differential amplifier, and in the regeneration phase (when ck=0), it exploits positive feedback to reach valid digital levels within half a clock period ...
Current Source Biasing
Current Source Biasing

... Current Source Biasing • Integrated circuits have transistors which are manufactured simultaneously with the same device parameters (parameters from chip to chip will vary) • As a result, different bias techniques are employed than in discrete designs • One common technique is current source biasing ...
NPN Bipolar Power Transistor
NPN Bipolar Power Transistor

... to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, ...
Exp01v3
Exp01v3

... measurements, make certain the ammeter is connected in series with the circuit components through which current is measured. This error would effectively cause a short circuit and drastically change the circuit parameters. * CAUTION: Never connect an ammeter directly across a power supply as it will ...
EE 416/JEE316
EE 416/JEE316

... A description of the physical principles behind this probe can be found in the chapter on Power Measurements. Operating manuals for the several different types of current sensors you will use during the course are given below. Equipment Review - 3 - ...
BP5034D12
BP5034D12

... Examples of application circuits, circuit constants and any other information contained herein illustrate the standard usage and operations of the Products. The peripheral conditions must be taken into account when designing circuits for mass production. Great care was taken in ensuring the accuracy ...
TPS61256xC 3.5-MHz High Efficiency Step
TPS61256xC 3.5-MHz High Efficiency Step

... During PWM operation, the converter uses a novel quasi-constant on-time valley current mode control scheme to achieve excellent line/load regulation and allows the use of a small ceramic inductor and capacitors. Based on the VIN/VOUT ratio, a simple circuit predicts the required on-time. At the begi ...
Manual - HP Archive
Manual - HP Archive

IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331,

... and Frequency. To measure the frequency, phase difference the simple method for precise measurement adopted. The reference phase transformation method is used to measure the phase difference and also we adopt the signal conditioner for unbalance voltage compensations. 2.3. Active Synchronization The ...
AD8041
AD8041

... supply. This makes the AD8041 ideal for professional video electronics such as cameras, video switchers, or any high speed portable equipment. The AD8041’s low distortion and fast settling make it ideal for buffering high speed A-to-D converters. The AD8041 has a high speed disable feature useful fo ...
RF and Microwave Control Products in Silicon
RF and Microwave Control Products in Silicon

ADA Ampulator Owner`s manual
ADA Ampulator Owner`s manual

ADF5002 数据手册DataSheet 下载
ADF5002 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... the +IN A pin of the OP184. This configuration, in turn, allows the use of a single positive supply for the op amp. Alternatively, to optimize performance by ensuring a clean bias voltage, a low noise regulator such as the ADP150 can be used to power the resistor divider network or the +IN A pin dir ...
Document
Document

... principle of UPFC and D-FACTs. It has the same control capability as that of UPFC and its series converter is distributed over the transmission line as that in D-FACTs. It is cheaper and highly reliable as compared to UPFC. It employs two converters i.e. series and shunt converter and each converter ...
Evaluates:  MAX8857A MAX8857A Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX8857A MAX8857A Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... where ILED(MAX) is the maximum LED current in amps. Maximum LED current is programmed to 25mA using a 10Ω resistor. ...
increase of the grid integration of decentralized power plants by the
increase of the grid integration of decentralized power plants by the

Datenblatt LEC.indd - ebm-os
Datenblatt LEC.indd - ebm-os

... Short Circuit Current ...
Buck-Converter Design Demystified
Buck-Converter Design Demystified

... The input capacitance required for a stepdown converter depends on the impedance of the input power source. For common laboratory power supplies, 10 µF to 22 µF of capacitance per ampere of output current is usually sufficient. Given the design parameters of Fig. 1, you can calculate the input-ripple ...
resp1 impedance pneumograph
resp1 impedance pneumograph

... trans-abdominal impedance changes that result from respiration. Merely placing two electrodes across the area of interest allows the RESP1 to monitor respiration not only in humans, but also in a wide variety of animals. The RESP1 induces a small and safe high-frequency (30KHz) current to flow betwe ...
NSEQ-2 Twin Topology Stereo Parametric Equalizer
NSEQ-2 Twin Topology Stereo Parametric Equalizer

... to: damage to recordings, microphones, mixing consoles, or any associated equipment, downtime costs, loss of goodwill, or claims of any party dealing with purchaser for such damages resulting from the use of this product. All warranties, express and implied, including the warranties of merchantabili ...
< 1 ... 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report