• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
AVQ100-24S05-4L
AVQ100-24S05-4L

... Soldering The product is intended for standard manual or wave soldering. When wave soldering is used, the temperature on pins is specified to maximum 260°C for maximum 7s. When soldering by hand, the iron temperature should be maintained at 300°C ~ 380°C and applied to the converter pins for less th ...
Fundamentals of Floating Measurements and - Techni-Tool
Fundamentals of Floating Measurements and - Techni-Tool

... Voltage isolators add a layer of cost. An independent power supply and isolation amplifier box must be used. The gain and offset characteristics must be factored manually into every measurement. Advantages The advantage of using the "A minus B" measurement technique is that it can be easily done wit ...
results of the optinos project – deficits and unsureness in test
results of the optinos project – deficits and unsureness in test

... This setup consists of a RF broadband power amplifier, a RF signal source and a special coupling unit with a high power RF matching transformer. This signal source feeds an artificial disturbance current into the meter. At the same time, a precision power analyzer or precision energy meter acts as r ...
1 Basic Digital Concepts
1 Basic Digital Concepts

... what the two terms mean. In the case of digital electronics, we're talking about two different methods of sending an electronic signal from A to B. ANALOGUE signals are continuous, and can take any value. DIGITAL signals encode values into binary numbers. As a binary number is made up entirely from ...
CCU COUPLING CAPACITORS for Power Line Carrier systems
CCU COUPLING CAPACITORS for Power Line Carrier systems

... The primary (high voltage) terminal is made of aluminium alloy or, alternatively, of corrosion protected (tin or silver plated) electrolytic copper. The terminal shape and type are chosen according to applicable standard and customers’ requirements and practice. Coupling Capacitor low voltage termin ...
Standard Products Business Promotion - Renesas e
Standard Products Business Promotion - Renesas e

... rely on good communication with Japan based AE’s. For the devices defined as promotion, or limited promotion, we’ve established that we can get fast and reliable support from Japan. ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Distribution Training „Going for a
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Distribution Training „Going for a

...  “Common mode failure analysis” (FTA) available, tailored to the FMEA and the FTA of the target ...
TGA2509 数据资料DataSheet下载
TGA2509 数据资料DataSheet下载

MOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT µPD160970
MOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT µPD160970

... • VSS and VDD, and VEE and VCC can be powered on simultaneously. • To prevent an abnormal output operation, it is recommended to fix the logic input during the transition phase of VEE and VCC to either ”H” or ”L”. ...
Ground and Short Circuit
Ground and Short Circuit

... Grounding and Short Circuit Additional rules for switchgears with nominal voltages over 1 kV For works on transformers, both sides are to be grounded and short ciruit, even if the nominal voltage on the LV side is under 1 kV. This rule is also valid for three or multiple winding transformers. Besid ...


... EMG extractor unit designed gave reliable output readings during EMG torque experiment. Gain over the time was constant without much drift. Torque EMG relation of bicep muscle showed nonlinear nature which would be better represented if factors like muscle width, activation volume, conduction area a ...
AvD from spark website
AvD from spark website

Slide 1
Slide 1

... GTO devices makes forced commutation possible, and therefore PWM converters offer a more elegant solution ...
PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER (VSI)
PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER (VSI)

... devices and in power generation systems. Lately, this device is highly demand in applications using renewable energy such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System and Smart Grid System. As time move on, the development of technologies using renewable energy is needed for future demand since this resource h ...
HMC197
HMC197

... GaAS MMIC SOT26 SPDT SWITCH DC - 3 GHz FEBRUARY 2001 ...
Digital Simulation of the Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller
Digital Simulation of the Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller

... other one controls the reactive power flows in the lines by injecting series active voltage. The circuit model for the IPFC is developed and simulated by using MATLAB simulink and PSPICE [8]. Furthermore the investigation of the dynamic operation of control scheme for both STATCOM and SSSC based on ...
Effect of Unified Power Flow Controller on Power System
Effect of Unified Power Flow Controller on Power System

... economically very expensive to establish to meet up with the increasing electrical energy demand. Electricity grid upgrade cannot keep pace with the growing power plant capacity and energy demand. Also, finding suitable right of ways for new transmission systems is particularly difficult and gaining ...
Application Note AN-1100 IRS211(0,3) and IR211(0,3) Comparison Table of Contents
Application Note AN-1100 IRS211(0,3) and IR211(0,3) Comparison Table of Contents

... change is necessary to use the new products. This application note describes the various differences between the next and previous generation. The IR211(0,3) are high voltage, high speed power MOSFET and IGBT drivers with independent high and low side referenced output channels. Proprietary HVIC and ...
LOGO!Power Power supply LOGO!Power
LOGO!Power Power supply LOGO!Power

... documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. ...
Understanding Basic Analog Passive Devices
Understanding Basic Analog Passive Devices

... adjustments to correct for mechanical deficiencies in the display system and these adjustments can not be designed out. Pots have all the problems associated with fixed resistors, and they exacerbate some of them while introducing new ones. Pots are notorious for drifting under temperature, vibratio ...
PTC-04 Datasheet
PTC-04 Datasheet

... The PTC-04 programmer was designed for efficient, precise calibration of the Melexis families of programmable ICs. The programmer is designed to be easily adapted to a standard PC and to an application module to allow calibration of programmable sensor ICs within the operating environment. The PTC-0 ...
Read the full Audio Express Review on the SM70
Read the full Audio Express Review on the SM70

... 1700B analyzer, I had considerable difficulty arriving at a satisfactory grounding scheme for my measurements. These amplifiers seem fussier than most in this regard. I also found that they both generated a low-level hum through the loudspeakers even with no input connected. Lifting the ground pin o ...
Scanner - transmille.net
Scanner - transmille.net

GVR Brochure- Feb 05.indd
GVR Brochure- Feb 05.indd

Connexion Red and Green electrofusion control units
Connexion Red and Green electrofusion control units

< 1 ... 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report