• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Magnetix DC-DC Converters
Magnetix DC-DC Converters

image sensor
image sensor

design_review
design_review

AN-931 APPLICATION NOTE
AN-931 APPLICATION NOTE

... In low power, slower throughput applications (such as 10 kSPS or lower that must use a low power reference), a small series resistor can be used between the output of the reference to the ADC, for example, 10 Ω may suit. In a burst mode of operation, the first few conversions may need to be discarde ...
DS90LV110AT 1 to 10 LVDS Data/Clock Distributor with Failsafe DS90LV110AT FEATURES DESCRIPTION
DS90LV110AT 1 to 10 LVDS Data/Clock Distributor with Failsafe DS90LV110AT FEATURES DESCRIPTION

... Check for Samples: DS90LV110AT ...
Document
Document

... obtained by a computational procedure from observed data. In addition to accuracy and precision, measurements may also have a measurement resolution, which is the smallest change in the underlying physical quantity that produces a response in the measurement. In numerical analysis, accuracy is also ...
RFVC1843 数据资料DataSheet下载
RFVC1843 数据资料DataSheet下载

A Single-phase-to-three-phase Power Converter with an Active
A Single-phase-to-three-phase Power Converter with an Active

... continuous DC current Idc and the switch SZ which is controlled by zero-vector of inverter. On-state of the SZ is defined as the condition that the SZ is connected to the upper side. It is noted that currents and voltages that are shown in the equivalent circuit, are defined as the average value dur ...
Aalborg Universitet Asymmetrical Grid Fault Ride-Through Strategy of Three-phase Grid-connected
Aalborg Universitet Asymmetrical Grid Fault Ride-Through Strategy of Three-phase Grid-connected

INA1x8 High-Side Measurement Current Shunt
INA1x8 High-Side Measurement Current Shunt

... In Figure 9 the value chosen for the shunt resistor depends on the application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement line. High values of shunt resistor provide better accuracy at lower currents by minimizing the effects of offset, ...
MAX17019 Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features
MAX17019 Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features

... MAX17019 high input-voltage quad-output controller in a typical application setup. The EV kit operates from a 5.5V to 38V input range. The high input voltage of 38V makes this device ideal for automotive applications. High-voltage controller A is used to generate a 5V rail that serves as supply for ...
A UHF/UWB hybrid silicon RFID tag with on–chip
A UHF/UWB hybrid silicon RFID tag with on–chip

AN588 - STMicroelectronics
AN588 - STMicroelectronics

... high voltage peaks, around 15KV. The component must assure an efficient protection in dynamic behavior. Low clamping voltage levels (VCL < 30V) must be maintained in the presence of very fast transients with rise times such as 10A/ns. In this case, the performance of the protection device is not lin ...
AN2787
AN2787

Product Brief OptiMOS™ 5 80V 100V
Product Brief OptiMOS™ 5 80V 100V

Supporting information A 3D printed gas phase photocatalysis reactor and its
Supporting information A 3D printed gas phase photocatalysis reactor and its

... While the UV LEDs and their current limiting resistors are fixed inside the reactor on the 3D printed LED ring, the rest of the electronics, excluding the gas sensor itself, is soldered onto a small piece of prototyping board (as shown in Figure S7), which is fixed to the side of the reactor. A 4-pi ...
performance of unified power quality conditioner in
performance of unified power quality conditioner in

... To provide quality power has become today’s most concerned area for both power suppliers and customers due to the deregulation of the electric power energy market. Efforts have been made to improve the power quality. Aspects on power quality can be classified into three categories that is, voltage s ...
Application of unified power flow controller in interconnected power
Application of unified power flow controller in interconnected power

... swing is the one which can lead to the largest electric power transfer from generator to receiving end and hence the largest rotor deceleration power. For the constant real and reactive power control an effficient way to improve first swing stability is fast increasing power reference for a certain ...
acknowledgment
acknowledgment

... An electric current will flow in a conductor such as a copper wire, if there is a potential difference between the two ends. A potential difference can be considered as an excess of electrons at one end and a shortage of electrons at the other end. As the current flows, an electromagnetic field is g ...
OPA548 High-Voltage, High-Current OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
OPA548 High-Voltage, High-Current OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

... for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user’s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does n ...
PSU_Part1_EfficiencyPowerFactor - Renesas e
PSU_Part1_EfficiencyPowerFactor - Renesas e

... = distorted wave = contains much harmonics (noisy) ...
bq769x0 boot switch alternatives
bq769x0 boot switch alternatives

... When the charge FET is turned on, the Vgs of Q2 go away, Q2 and Q1 turn off, and the voltage on TS1 returns to normal. Until this happens, the boot voltage is applied at TS1 and sums with the temperature measurement voltage. This makes the temperature appear lower than what it actually is. If this l ...
Methods of measuring low, medium and high resistances
Methods of measuring low, medium and high resistances

200GHz CMOS Prescalers with Extended Dividing
200GHz CMOS Prescalers with Extended Dividing

... One circuit insertion example according to the voltage injection scheme is shown in Fig. 1(a). A voltage signal Vinj is injected through a NMOS mixer that shunts outputs of the crossing couple. As the injection voltage increases and the Vgs starts to exceed the device threshold, the mixer turns on a ...
GT500 and GT500 MVX grid-tie solar inverters
GT500 and GT500 MVX grid-tie solar inverters

< 1 ... 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report