New Efficient Bridgeless Cuk Rectifiers for PFC Applications
... boost converter such as the dc output voltage is higher than the peak input voltage, lack of galvanic isolation, and high start-up inrush currents. Therefore, for low-output voltage applications, such as telecommunication or computer industry, an additional converter or an isolation transformer is r ...
... boost converter such as the dc output voltage is higher than the peak input voltage, lack of galvanic isolation, and high start-up inrush currents. Therefore, for low-output voltage applications, such as telecommunication or computer industry, an additional converter or an isolation transformer is r ...
DATA VALIDATION IN SCADA SYSTEM Toni Puromäki
... problem with SCADA is not a lack of the data. There is more data available than it is utilized but the problem is how to use it rationally. Old RTUs are not designed to track the analog measurements in true real time. Only the reporting by exception when certain thresholds are exceeded is implemente ...
... problem with SCADA is not a lack of the data. There is more data available than it is utilized but the problem is how to use it rationally. Old RTUs are not designed to track the analog measurements in true real time. Only the reporting by exception when certain thresholds are exceeded is implemente ...
OPA349, OPA2349 - Texas Instruments
... NOTES: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these, or any other conditions beyond those specified, is not impl ...
... NOTES: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these, or any other conditions beyond those specified, is not impl ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
... systems based on the loss factors of double line-frequency voltage ripple (DLFVR), fast irradiance variation + DLFVR, fast dc load variation + DLFVR, limited operating voltage range + DLFVR, and over- all loss factor combination. These loss factors will result in power deviation from the maximum pow ...
... systems based on the loss factors of double line-frequency voltage ripple (DLFVR), fast irradiance variation + DLFVR, fast dc load variation + DLFVR, limited operating voltage range + DLFVR, and over- all loss factor combination. These loss factors will result in power deviation from the maximum pow ...
Features Applications General Description
... Note 6.Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature by using a 2ms current pulse. Devices are tested for load regulation in the load range from 1mA to 3A. Note 7. The Dropout voltage is defined as VIN-VOUT, which is measured when VOUT is 0.98*VOUT(NORMAL). The dropout voltage is measured ...
... Note 6.Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature by using a 2ms current pulse. Devices are tested for load regulation in the load range from 1mA to 3A. Note 7. The Dropout voltage is defined as VIN-VOUT, which is measured when VOUT is 0.98*VOUT(NORMAL). The dropout voltage is measured ...
MAX4561/MAX4568/MAX4569 ±15kV ESD-Protected, Low-Voltage, SPDT/SPST, CMOS Analog Switches General Description
... There are diodes from NC/NO to the supplies in addition to the SCRs. A resistance in series with each of these diodes limits the current into the supplies during an ESD strike. The diodes protect these terminals from overvoltages that are not a result of ESD strikes. These diodes also protect the de ...
... There are diodes from NC/NO to the supplies in addition to the SCRs. A resistance in series with each of these diodes limits the current into the supplies during an ESD strike. The diodes protect these terminals from overvoltages that are not a result of ESD strikes. These diodes also protect the de ...
Tunable Laser Paper - Electrical and Computer Engineering
... at the gain center, and ten below and ten above this frequency. Due to the Lorenzian gain profile of the material, modes lying outside this span would require very high pump power levels, well exceeding the practical pump intensity levels, and therefore are not considered. In the simulation the leng ...
... at the gain center, and ten below and ten above this frequency. Due to the Lorenzian gain profile of the material, modes lying outside this span would require very high pump power levels, well exceeding the practical pump intensity levels, and therefore are not considered. In the simulation the leng ...
Shure M63 User Guide
... When the METER SENSITIVITY switch (on rear panel) is on the 0 VU = 8 dBm FIXED position, an output of 8 dBm on the 600-ohm line output (loaded with 600 ohms), reads 0 VU on the meter. When the METER SENSITIVITY switch is in the 0 VU VARIABLE position and the 0 VU LEVEL ADJUST control is maximum (ful ...
... When the METER SENSITIVITY switch (on rear panel) is on the 0 VU = 8 dBm FIXED position, an output of 8 dBm on the 600-ohm line output (loaded with 600 ohms), reads 0 VU on the meter. When the METER SENSITIVITY switch is in the 0 VU VARIABLE position and the 0 VU LEVEL ADJUST control is maximum (ful ...
- Blind Ham Products
... ATOM is a simple tuning aid for blind or low-vision hams who cannot access an internal or external power meter. For stations that have initially been installed correctly, ATOM will give a recognizable audible alert if something is preventing a transmitter from putting out full power, and causes your ...
... ATOM is a simple tuning aid for blind or low-vision hams who cannot access an internal or external power meter. For stations that have initially been installed correctly, ATOM will give a recognizable audible alert if something is preventing a transmitter from putting out full power, and causes your ...
AN-776 20 Watt Simple Switcher Forward Converter (Rev. A)
... applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask ...
... applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask ...
TechTopics
... Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV) is defined in ANSI/IEEE Std-100 as “the voltage transient that occurs across the terminals of a pole of a switching device upon interruption of the current”. Thus, transient recovery voltage is the voltage to which the circuit breaker terminals are exposed following ...
... Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV) is defined in ANSI/IEEE Std-100 as “the voltage transient that occurs across the terminals of a pole of a switching device upon interruption of the current”. Thus, transient recovery voltage is the voltage to which the circuit breaker terminals are exposed following ...
General-purpose, Low-cost, Two-pole Relays for Signal Circults
... The tests were conducted at an ambient temperature of 23°C. The contact resistance data are periodically measured reference values and are not values from each monitoring operation. Contact resistance values will vary according to the switching frequency and operating environment, so be sure to chec ...
... The tests were conducted at an ambient temperature of 23°C. The contact resistance data are periodically measured reference values and are not values from each monitoring operation. Contact resistance values will vary according to the switching frequency and operating environment, so be sure to chec ...
Acoustic Image
... second each time the short appears. However, the nature of a switching amplifier makes it difficult to protect against shorts in all circumstances. To be on the safe side, you should shut off the power to the amp before connecting or disconnecting speakers from the unit. We highly recommend the use ...
... second each time the short appears. However, the nature of a switching amplifier makes it difficult to protect against shorts in all circumstances. To be on the safe side, you should shut off the power to the amp before connecting or disconnecting speakers from the unit. We highly recommend the use ...
Unit 2 - Mahalakshmi Engineering College
... For accomplishing these tasks various electrical signals and voltages are required, which are provided by the power supply circuit of the oscilloscope. Low voltage supply is required for the heater of the electron gun for generation of electron beam and high voltage, of the order of few thousand vol ...
... For accomplishing these tasks various electrical signals and voltages are required, which are provided by the power supply circuit of the oscilloscope. Low voltage supply is required for the heater of the electron gun for generation of electron beam and high voltage, of the order of few thousand vol ...
Manual T800
... 2.10 J P17: Bypass Low Pass Filter (Rev 4 or higher ) Some trunking controllers have digital encoding schemes that require the low pass filter in the tone input section to be bypassed. JP17 allows this. Normally JP17 is open circuit. Placing a link across it will bypass the low pass filter. In conju ...
... 2.10 J P17: Bypass Low Pass Filter (Rev 4 or higher ) Some trunking controllers have digital encoding schemes that require the low pass filter in the tone input section to be bypassed. JP17 allows this. Normally JP17 is open circuit. Placing a link across it will bypass the low pass filter. In conju ...
Current Sources and Sinks - UTK-EECS
... If a .SENS statement is included in the input file, HSPICE determines the DC small-signal sensitivities of each specified output variable relative to every circuit parameter. The sensitivity measurement is the partial derivative of each output variable with respect to the value of a given circuit el ...
... If a .SENS statement is included in the input file, HSPICE determines the DC small-signal sensitivities of each specified output variable relative to every circuit parameter. The sensitivity measurement is the partial derivative of each output variable with respect to the value of a given circuit el ...
Gemini: A Non-Invasive, Energy
... number of voltage monitoring sensors are required to support a much larger number of current sensing power meters. This holds if the local voltage measurement can be replaced with a voltage measurement obtained elsewhere in the load tree. To verify this, we sample the voltage waveform at two points ...
... number of voltage monitoring sensors are required to support a much larger number of current sensing power meters. This holds if the local voltage measurement can be replaced with a voltage measurement obtained elsewhere in the load tree. To verify this, we sample the voltage waveform at two points ...
STL18NM60N
... This device is an N-channel Power MOSFET developed using the second generation of MDmesh™ technology. This revolutionary Power MOSFET associates a vertical structure to the company’s strip layout to yield one of the world’s lowest on-resistance and gate charge. It is therefore suitable for the most ...
... This device is an N-channel Power MOSFET developed using the second generation of MDmesh™ technology. This revolutionary Power MOSFET associates a vertical structure to the company’s strip layout to yield one of the world’s lowest on-resistance and gate charge. It is therefore suitable for the most ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.