• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
LM555 Single Timer — Single T
LM555 Single Timer — Single T

... By adjusting the length of the timing cycle, the basic circuit of Figure 1 can be made to operate as a frequency divider. Figure 9. illustrates a divide-by-three circuit that makes use of the fact that retriggering cannot occur during the timing cycle. ...
VSP2254 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
VSP2254 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The CDS and the ADC are operated by SHP, SHD, and their derivative timing clocks generated by the on-chip timing generator. The output register and decoder are operated by ADCCK. The digital output data is synchronized with ADCCK. The timing relationship between the CCD signal, SHP, SHD, ADCCK, and ...
Microwaves in Waveguides
Microwaves in Waveguides

Aalborg Universitet Distributed Consensus-Based Control of Multiple DC-Microgrids Clusters Guerrero, Josep M.
Aalborg Universitet Distributed Consensus-Based Control of Multiple DC-Microgrids Clusters Guerrero, Josep M.

Open-circuit Test
Open-circuit Test

STP40NF10
STP40NF10

... UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED ...
Microelectrode electronics
Microelectrode electronics

... situation in real voltage generators, where Ro may represent the internal resistance of a battery or the output impedance of an amplifier. These are normally small (<10 Ω) and only become important at relatively large currents (>100 mA). However, the same considerations apply to microelectrode recor ...
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION

... accessory mounting provisions of most DC motors. Both stub shaft and through shaft mountings are accommodated for motor frame sizes from 180 through 500. This space saving design eliminates the need for costly adapters and shaft couplings. It not only saves installation time but, more importantly, c ...
15P0161B1 - DCREG for Applications to Electromagnets
15P0161B1 - DCREG for Applications to Electromagnets

... DCREG4 thyristor converter can be used to power very inductive loads, such as electromagnets. Applications problems due to this type of load - that can be compared to a ohmic resistance series-connected to a very strong inductance - have been solved by a control algorithm specially developed for DCR ...
MAX8667/MAX8668 1.5MHz Dual Step-Down DC-DC Converters with Dual LDOs and Individual Enables
MAX8667/MAX8668 1.5MHz Dual Step-Down DC-DC Converters with Dual LDOs and Individual Enables

... response, minimizing external component size, and minimizing output voltage ripple. The DC-DC converters (OUT1, OUT2) also feature an optimized on-resistance internal MOSFET switch and synchronous rectifier to maximize efficiency. The MAX8667/ MAX8668 utilize a proprietary hysteretic-PWM control sch ...
M.Tech.: Mechatronics Product Design Lecture Notes
M.Tech.: Mechatronics Product Design Lecture Notes

... construction of a LVDT sensor. It has three coils symmetrically spaced along an insulated tube. The central coil is primary coil and the other two are secondary coils. Secondary coils are connected in series in such a way that their outputs oppose each other. A magnetic core attached to the element ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Advanced Diff. Speed Sensor TLE4941plusC
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Advanced Diff. Speed Sensor TLE4941plusC

... The Hall Effect sensor IC TLE4941plusC is designed to provide information about rotational speed to modern vehicle dynamics control systems and Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS). The output has been designed as a two wire current interface. The sensor operates without external components and combines ...
ECE 469 Power Electronics Lab Manual
ECE 469 Power Electronics Lab Manual

VCB 400 - Geberal information and power section
VCB 400 - Geberal information and power section

Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Concepts of
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Concepts of

... a capacitor discharge, square wave generator or an analog generator [19-22]. Pulses shorter than 1 µs are usually generated by pulse forming networks or resonant charging generators [23-25]. As a pulse forming network generator a Blumlein generator will be described and as a resonant charging genera ...
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-186
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-186

... circuitry, damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy ESD. Therefore, proper ESD precautions should be taken to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Legal Terms and Conditions By using the evaluation board discussed herein (together with any tools, components documentati ...
Action PAK AP4382 ® DC Input, Bipolar Output,
Action PAK AP4382 ® DC Input, Bipolar Output,

Hardware Design Guide
Hardware Design Guide

... Figure 4. ADC voltage supply connection To preserve the accuracy of the A/D converter, it is necessary that analog input pins have low AC impedance. Placing a capacitor with good high frequency characteristics at the input pin of the device can be effective: the capacitor should be as large as possi ...
An effective passive islanding detection method for PV
An effective passive islanding detection method for PV

... frequency drift with positive feedback, and reactive power export error detection (RPEED) Chowdhury et al., 2009; Mohamad et al., 2011; Lopes and Huili, 2006. AFD method varies the output current frequency through positive feedback. This method will inject a current with slightly distorted in freque ...
GZ3612511256
GZ3612511256

FDC6392S 20V Integrated P-Channel PowerTrench MOSFET and Schottky Diode
FDC6392S 20V Integrated P-Channel PowerTrench MOSFET and Schottky Diode

... 20V Integrated P-Channel PowerTrench MOSFET and Schottky Diode General Description ...
AP3591 Description A Product Line of
AP3591 Description A Product Line of

... inductor current decreases to reverse. The benefit of CCM is to keep the switching frequency fairly constant to avoid a certain frequency during a light load condition. 3. Power On Reset and Soft-start Power on reset occurs when VDD rises above approximately 3.9V: the IC will reset the fault latch a ...
A reconfigurable structure electronic commutator for a dual BLDC
A reconfigurable structure electronic commutator for a dual BLDC

... a reconfigurable structure electronic commutator. It enables a BLDC motor to work with a changed configuration of the motor main circuit connections with the converter (from fullbridge to half-bridge and inversely) – Fig. 1. The configuration change from full-bridge to half-bridge provides a possibi ...
LowXsupplyXopamps
LowXsupplyXopamps

... The complementary input Opamp discussed in the above paper is shown in figure 4. The input of this Opamp has both an NMOS and a PMOS differential pair. In effect, there are two Opamps at the input, as shown in figure 5. The output signals from these Opamps are then summed together using a class-AB o ...
TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTIONS Most of the world`s electric
TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTIONS Most of the world`s electric

... such resonance persists, it will soon damage the shaft. Also while the outage of one line forces other lines to operate at their emergency ratings and carry higher loads, power flow oscillations at low frequency (typically 0.3-3 Hz) may cause generators to lose synchronism, perhaps prompting the sys ...
< 1 ... 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report