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VISHAY K3021 datasheet
VISHAY K3021 datasheet

Low-Noise, High-Precision, JFET
Low-Noise, High-Precision, JFET

... The OPA827 series of op amps can be used with single or dual supplies from an operating range of VS = +8V (±4V) and up to VS = +36V (±18V). This device does not require symmetrical supplies; it only requires a minimum supply voltage of 8V. Supply voltages higher than +40V (±20V) can permanently dama ...
MAX3656 155Mbps to 2.5Gbps Burst-Mode Laser Driver General Description
MAX3656 155Mbps to 2.5Gbps Burst-Mode Laser Driver General Description

... MAX3656 incorporates a digital automatic power-control (APC) loop to compensate for the changes in laser threshold current over temperature and lifetime. A back-facet photodiode mounted in the laser package converts the optical power into a photocurrent. The APC loop adjusts the laser bias current s ...
Si8220/21 - Silicon Labs
Si8220/21 - Silicon Labs

... The Si822x is certified according to IEC 60747-5-5. For more details, see File 5006301-4880-0001. 60747-5-5: Up to 891 Vpeak for basic insulation working voltage. 60950-1: Up to 600 VRMS reinforced insulation working voltage; up to 1000 VRMS basic insulation working ...
The 555 Timer IC
The 555 Timer IC

... The output waveform is shown in F. 8.3. At steady state, the capacitor voltage swings between VCC/3 and 2VCC/3. The charging period starts with the voltage VCC/3 and tends to go to VCC, with a time constant of = (RA + RB)C. However it is stopped when vC = 2 VCC/3. The discharging period starts wit ...
SCR Power Theory Training Manual
SCR Power Theory Training Manual

AD8295 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD8295 数据手册DataSheet 下载

Pendulum Quartet II Operating Manual
Pendulum Quartet II Operating Manual

G48033641
G48033641

... It is a challenging task for a VLSI design engineer to develop low power VLSI circuits, without sacrificing its performance. Feedthrough Logic (FTL) is a new technology which could be considered better than the existing technologies for improving circuit efficiency. Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL) ...
Cutler-Hammer - Performance Power Solutions
Cutler-Hammer - Performance Power Solutions

... Even harmonics are limited to 25% of the odd harmonic limits above. Current distortions that result in a dc offset, e.g., half-wave converters, are not allowed. * All power generation equipment is limited to these values of current distortion, regardless of actual ISC / IL. Where, ISC = Maximum Shor ...
DataPort Accessory Card
DataPort Accessory Card

LM348-N 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
LM348-N 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The LM148 series are quad low power 741 op amps. In the proliferation of quad op amps, these are the first to offer the convenience of familiar, easy to use operating characteristics of the 741 op amp. In those applications where 741 op amps have been employed, the LM148 series op amps can be emplo ...
ADS1254 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
ADS1254 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The digital filter of the ADS1254, referred to as a sinc5 filter, computes the digital result based on the most recent outputs from the delta-sigma modulator. At the most basic level, the digital filter can be thought of as simply averaging the modulator results in a weighted form and presenting thi ...
AN3234: Washing Machine Three-Phase AC Induction Motor Drive
AN3234: Washing Machine Three-Phase AC Induction Motor Drive

... control structures, indirect vector control does not require direct real-time calculation of rotor flux from motor currents and voltages. Due to this indirect vector control, it is not possible to obtain instantaneous values of the rotor flux space vector components. It is, however, still possible t ...
UCC27223 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
UCC27223 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... 10-Ω can be used depending on the type of MOSFET used and the high-side/low-side MOSFET ratio. In 5-V or lower input applications however, R1 is not needed. When the drain-source voltage of a MOSFET quickly rises, inadvertent dV/dt induced turn-on of the device is possible. This can especially be a ...
Atmel ATA8404/ATA8405 UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter Features DATASHEET
Atmel ATA8404/ATA8405 UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter Features DATASHEET

... If ASK = Low, FSK = Low, and ENABLE = open or Low, the circuit is in power-down mode consuming only a very small amount of current so that a lithium cell used as power supply can work for many years. If the ENABLE pin is left open, ENABLE is the logical OR operation of the ASK and FSK input pins. Th ...
Digital oscilloscopes
Digital oscilloscopes

... This adjusts trace brightness. Slow traces on CRT oscilloscopes need less, and fast ones, especially if not often repeated, require more. On flat panels, however, trace brightness is essentially independent of sweep speed, because the internal signal processing effectively synthesizes the display fr ...
ERROR PROPAGATION - Moorpark College
ERROR PROPAGATION - Moorpark College

... Experimental errors can generally be classified into three types: personal, systematic, and random. Personal Errors These errors arise from personal bias of carelessness in reading an instrument, in recording data, or in calculations, and parallax in reading a meter. Of these, only parallax errors c ...
Field Control, Relay Isolated, NO/NC Output Module, IC670MDL930
Field Control, Relay Isolated, NO/NC Output Module, IC670MDL930

VT4 instructions rev2.indd
VT4 instructions rev2.indd

1. Introduction - About the journal
1. Introduction - About the journal

... with a step recovery diode and an additional distributed monocycle forming network, which forms an output monocycle. All generator blocks were analyzed by a transient simulator, then implemented and tested as separate modules. Finally, a sample of the monocycle generator was implemented on a single ...
RG series: 1-phase solid state switching solutions
RG series: 1-phase solid state switching solutions

CX Series
CX Series

Data Book 1 - Talking Electronics
Data Book 1 - Talking Electronics

... bridge rectifier and the 9V tapping the output voltage will be:VDC= 1.41 XVAC - 1.41 X9V = 1 2 . 69V Peak ( 9V at 1A load) ...
BRCD016GWZ-3
BRCD016GWZ-3

... Operating Temperature ...
< 1 ... 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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