• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
2SAR543D
2SAR543D

P83601
P83601

... including audible signaling appliances, powered by the same source and include any required safety factors. If the inrush current or peak current exceeds the power supplies’ inrush capacity, the output voltage provided by the power supplies may drop below the listed voltage range of the appliances c ...
Buck Converter Design
Buck Converter Design

... capacitance (hence high switching loss). Thus the MOSFET that is chosen should be a compromise between these two characteristics. In addition, high current MOSFETs tend to come in much larger packages, so meeting the ideals of low ON resistance and low Qg might violate a space requirement spec, so ...
AC motor & drive - syncronous
AC motor & drive - syncronous

... bar magnet). The strong rotating magnetic field attracts the strong rotor field activated by the dc. This results in a strong turning force on the rotor shaft. The rotor is therefore able to turn a load as it rotates in step with the rotating magnetic field. It works this way once it’s started. ...
AN-1192 Overture Series High Power Solutions
AN-1192 Overture Series High Power Solutions

... levels within each IC. The bridged portion doubles the output voltage swing and quadruples the total power dissipation while the parallel portion halves the current between each IC set and divides the total power dissipation between each of the four ICs. The result is higher system output power with ...
GP-SW 1000-3000
GP-SW 1000-3000

... Set the power switch to the ON position. Check the indicators on the front panel of the inverter. The Input Level LED should be green or yellow, depending on the voltage of the power source. If it is not, check your battery bank and the connections to the inverter. Set the power inverter switch to t ...
GP-SW 1000-3000
GP-SW 1000-3000

LF156 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
LF156 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

NOT FOR NEW DESIGNS
NOT FOR NEW DESIGNS

... receiver. The DATASEL pin allows selection between two different time constraints in the data slicer. Rx clock recovery is optionally performed for the 1.152Mbps, 1.536Mbps, 1.755Mbps, 2.048Mbps data rate to aid those applications using a simple microcontroller based MODEM. A receive signal strength ...
UPG2024TQ - California Eastern Laboratories
UPG2024TQ - California Eastern Laboratories

... exempted from the requirement of RoHS directive (*). In all cases the devices have Pb-free terminals. All devices with these suffixes meet the requirements of the RoHS directive. This status is based on CEL’s understanding of the EU Directives and knowledge of the materials that go into its products ...
6-Bit Successive Approximation ADC Datasheet
6-Bit Successive Approximation ADC Datasheet

... The acronym SAR stands for “successive approximation register." In this case, the register holding the result of the conversion is the PSoC block’s CR0 register. The basic operating principle is the formation of a series of approximations by scaling the reference voltage, RefHigh, and subtracting it ...
Low Power High Speed Differential Current Comparator
Low Power High Speed Differential Current Comparator

... finds its applications in circuits like current steering DACs where fast computation is necessary, neuromorphic electronic system [5] where less area occupancy is an important factor and also in circuit requiring low current comparison for the detection of minute current signals such as in temperatu ...
AN75 - Circuitry for Signal Conditioning and Power Conversion
AN75 - Circuitry for Signal Conditioning and Power Conversion

COST 286 Wroclaw - Applied Electromagnetics Lab
COST 286 Wroclaw - Applied Electromagnetics Lab

- SIGLENT Technologies
- SIGLENT Technologies

... After plugging in the oscilloscope, turn on the power switch at the lower left corner on the front panel. During the start-up process, the instrument performs a series of self-test items and the internal relays can be heard in operation. After the self-test, the User Interface displays immediately. ...
An Op Amp Tutorial - W. Marshall Leach, Jr.
An Op Amp Tutorial - W. Marshall Leach, Jr.

... Solution. For RE = 0, we have vID(max) = VT ln 19 = 76.3 mV. For RE = 3000, vID(max) = 76.3 mV +0.9 × 50 × 10−6 × 3000 = 211 mV. These values are greater than the values of V1max calculated in Example 5 because the analysis here is based on the large signal behavior of the BJT. ...
AN-1126: More Boost with Less Stress: the SEPIC
AN-1126: More Boost with Less Stress: the SEPIC

... common Schottky diodes; therefore, a lossier ultrafast type may be needed. Large boost ratios require high duty cycle. High duty cycles and ultrafast diodes can both point to discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) which usually increases conduction loss. ...
Optimizing Resistor Dividers at a Comparator
Optimizing Resistor Dividers at a Comparator

TPS54160-Q1 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TPS54160-Q1 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

System 90 Model 20-40-48
System 90 Model 20-40-48

... lnstaller"s t:uide_.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __,, T General Efficient Power Information Typical car amplifiers are not all that efficient. Add to that the additional products normally associated with a "high-end" install, and you know from experience the drain on a car's electrical system. We have taken g ...
PDF: 1.73MB
PDF: 1.73MB

SEL-351 Distribution and Transmission Relay Standard Features
SEL-351 Distribution and Transmission Relay Standard Features

... ➤ Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) with point mapping. ➤ MIRRORED BITS® relay-to-relay communications. ➤ Integration Package, providing system-wide Sequential Events Recorder (SER) capabilities, expanded front-panel control and display functionality, and expanded control logic. ➤ Programmable Loa ...
XC1718D-SO8C - hep.physics.lsa.umich.edu
XC1718D-SO8C - hep.physics.lsa.umich.edu

... data line. Synchronization is provided by the rising edge of the temporary signal CCLK, which is generated during configuration. Master Serial Mode provides a simple configuration interface. Only a serial data line and two control lines are required to configure an FPGA. Data from the Serial Configu ...
Keysight Technologies B1505A Power Device Analyzer/Curve Tracer
Keysight Technologies B1505A Power Device Analyzer/Curve Tracer

TPS60400EVM-178 for Evaluating TPS6040x
TPS60400EVM-178 for Evaluating TPS6040x

... It is important to operate this EVM within the specified input and output ranges described in the EVM User’s Guide. Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM. If there are questions concerning the input range, please contact a TI field r ...
< 1 ... 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report