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MAX4473 Low-Cost, Low-Voltage, PA Power Control Amplifier for GSM Applications General Description
MAX4473 Low-Cost, Low-Voltage, PA Power Control Amplifier for GSM Applications General Description

... Recommended values for RG3 are between 1kΩ and 10kΩ. ...
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Selling an Idea or a Product

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User Manual - Henley Designs Ltd.
User Manual - Henley Designs Ltd.

... other way round it means that only half of the power is needed when using a headphone with 3dB more efficiency to reach the same sound pressure level. The 3dB formula is valid for headphones and for loudspeakers. From the given efficiency the power needed for a certain sound pressure level can be de ...
Managing Subthreshold Leakage in Charge
Managing Subthreshold Leakage in Charge

... the operation as a parasitic element. On the other hand, the AT-switch requires five additional transistors, and area overhead is 3%. All of them are, however, only on the left side of sampling capacitor. Therefore, the added parasitic capacitance introduced by the AT-switch does not affect the oper ...
CDB53L21 - cloudfront.net
CDB53L21 - cloudfront.net

... For current measurement purposes only, a series resistor is connected to each supply. The current is easily calculated by measuring the voltage drop across this resistor. NOTE: The stake headers connected in parallel with these resistors must be shunted with the supplied jumper during normal operati ...
Starting and control of three-phase asynchronous motors
Starting and control of three-phase asynchronous motors

... solution, as high peak currents influence the electrical supply, and torque surges subject the mechanical components of the machine or system to high levels of stress. The soft starter provides a remedy. It enables a continuous and surge-free increase in torque and also offers the opportunity for a ...
Action PAK ®
Action PAK ®

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... range of the recommended operating conditions, and be sure to thoroughly evaluate operation.) (3) Pin 2 (which is an NC*1 pin) can either be connected directly to the GND pin on the LED side or left open. Unconnected pins should not be used as a bypass for signals or for any other similar purpose be ...
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Sensors for force, pressure, distance, angle, and

... When a p- and a n-semiconductor are brought into contact, a pn junction is formed (cf. Fig. 9). The concentrations of p- and n-charge carriers differ greatly in the contact region. This causes holes to diffuse from the p-Si to the n-Si where they recombine with the surplus electrons. Analogously, th ...
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Datasheet

... EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained herein are only for i ...
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AD9753 数据手册DataSheet 下载

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2*100 watt @ 4ohm TK2050 Class-D Audio Amplifier

MAX5877 14-Bit, 250Msps, High-Dynamic-Performance, Dual DAC with LVDS Inputs General Description
MAX5877 14-Bit, 250Msps, High-Dynamic-Performance, Dual DAC with LVDS Inputs General Description

... ♦ LVDS-Compatible Digital and Clock Inputs ♦ On-Chip +1.20V Bandgap Reference ♦ Low 287mW Power Dissipation ♦ Compact 68-Pin QFN-EP Package (10mm x 10mm) ♦ Evaluation Kit Available (MAX5878EVKIT) ...
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... Creepage and clearance requirements should be applied according to the specific equipment isolation standards of an application. Care should be taken to maintain the creepage and clearance distance of a board design to ensure that the mounting pads of the isolator on the printed-circuit board do not ...
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... Voltage Modulation MOS • The capacitance varies only slightly as the MOS capacitor goes into reverse-bias • The capacitance goes less than 20% and holds as a forward-bias voltage is applied • The capacitance will restore at higher bias if source and drain are connected to the ...
modeling and control of the ultracapacitor
modeling and control of the ultracapacitor

... intensively in recent years. The reason for this lies in their efficiency, flexibility, and reliability. There are, however, two important issues to be solved in order to improve the drive system efficiency and reliability, namely, 1) the recovery of the braking energy and 2) the drive-system rideth ...
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... The Si822x is certified according to IEC 60747-5-5. For more details, see File 5006301-4880-0001. 60747-5-5: Up to 891 Vpeak for basic insulation working voltage. 60950-1: Up to 600 VRMS reinforced insulation working voltage; up to 1000 VRMS basic insulation working ...
OPA227, OPA2227, OPA4227, OPA228, OPA2228, OPA4228
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Si4010 CALCULATOR SPREADSHEET USAGE
Si4010 CALCULATOR SPREADSHEET USAGE

... target can be estimated based on the expected efficiency of the antenna and the desired radiated power target. It represents the total amount of power dissipated in the PA and the antenna.The spreadsheet will always try to hit this target. The result is shown in the Calculated Values section under T ...
The 555 Timer IC
The 555 Timer IC

... The output waveform is shown in F. 8.3. At steady state, the capacitor voltage swings between VCC/3 and 2VCC/3. The charging period starts with the voltage VCC/3 and tends to go to VCC, with a time constant of = (RA + RB)C. However it is stopped when vC = 2 VCC/3. The discharging period starts wit ...
Control of VSC-HVDC for wind power
Control of VSC-HVDC for wind power

Voltage Detector relay for transfer system and
Voltage Detector relay for transfer system and

... b Thresholds are configurable (from keyboard) independently for both relays v Configuration in % of the voltage v Single voltage or unbalanced voltage. ...
VISHAY K3021 datasheet
VISHAY K3021 datasheet

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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