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experiment 1
experiment 1

... - The forward or incident power applied to the line combines with the reflected power to produce a pattern of voltage and current variations along the line known as standing waves. - If the load impedance matches the line impedance, there are no standing waves. - A measure of the mismatch between li ...
LDMOS for RF Power Amplifiers
LDMOS for RF Power Amplifiers

Safety Example Using Low
Safety Example Using Low

... Example Using Low Voltage DC A person accidentally grabs conductors connected to each end of a dc voltage source, one in each hand. a) What is the minimum source voltage that can produce electrical shock sufficient to cause paralysis, preventing the person from letting go of the conductors? ...
seminar report on plcc
seminar report on plcc

... Send over a billion bit of data per second over electrical power lines It breaks the signals into multiple streams, each of which is pulled across the magnetic field in power grid. Special receivers combine mini streams of data back into original data configuration. ...
Twenty Questions - Kelso High School
Twenty Questions - Kelso High School

Power Electronics Prof. K. Gopakumar Centre for Electronics
Power Electronics Prof. K. Gopakumar Centre for Electronics

... So, high frequency amplitude, high amplitude harmonics are shifted to the high frequency side that is at the triangle side, then the impedance for this harmonics L omega will increase and the current ripple drawn from the mains will decrease. So, the current will be as close as to a sinusoidal wave. ...
“Fuzzy Logic Speed Controllers Using FPGA Technique For Three
“Fuzzy Logic Speed Controllers Using FPGA Technique For Three

Team 955 Electrical Certification
Team 955 Electrical Certification

... CIM Brushed DC Motor Features • 12V DC • 5310 RPM • 343 oz-in torque • 375 Watts • 133 Amp stall current Multiple CIM DC motors are used to power the robot drive system ...
Oscilloscope Tutorial
Oscilloscope Tutorial

... • This is the device that transfers electric power from a source to a load using electronic circuits. • Typical application of power supplies is to convert utility's AC input power to a regulated voltage(s) required for electronic equipment. • Depending on the mode of operation of power semiconducto ...
One Solution for Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based Power Supply for
One Solution for Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based Power Supply for

... MOSFET power transistor permits high switching frequencies. This benefit, combined with internally set peak inductor current limits, permits the use of small, low-cost inductors. The MAX856 series contains an on-chip comparator for low-battery detection. If the voltage at LBI falls below the regulat ...
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EMRY990A - Telerad

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AH5795 SINGLE PHASE HALL EFFECT LATCH SMART FAN MOTOR CONTROLLER

... Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use ...
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3.5 Ac speed motor controller

... brought to the market by Siemens. This IC can be programmed to time from 1 second up to 31.5 hours. This extended time capacity is achieved by the IC by using the power line frequency as its time base. The bathroom fan light control circuit is commonly used to control inductive loads such as the cas ...
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1.8V 0.18µm CMOS Novel Successive Approximation ADC With

... circuit to fetch a new value. Within one cycle, the converter determines if the value is the same, and within 2 cycles, it determines if the value has changed either up or down one bit level. This leads to the sampling rate of one half the clock rate of the circuit (what we refer to as the ideal ope ...
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EcoView Multi

... of up to 1200 Amps. The unit also has the ability to interface to third-party water and gas meters via two ...
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... accelerators. Shown is the dual-stack PG-LR Series with remote control unit. One stack serves as a high voltage multiplier while the second stack provides an additional low-pass ripple filter and a shielded DC feedback network. The standard PG Series is supplied with only the multiplier stack and re ...
Modelling and Analysis of Controller for Three
Modelling and Analysis of Controller for Three

... for compensating harmonic currents drawn by the various loads. As the active filter consists of semi-conductor devices alone, the response time of this device is very fast and it doesn’t suffer from resonance and other stability problems as faced by the normal passive filters. The Active filters are ...
Rectangular Wave Delta Modulation Buck Regulator for Voltage Regulator Modules
Rectangular Wave Delta Modulation Buck Regulator for Voltage Regulator Modules

... switch (MP) with W/L = 600 mm/1 µm and the NMOS switch (MN) with W/L = 200 mm/1 µm were employed. They showed 0.01 # on resistance. The parameter of a 0.9 µH MVR series Coilcraft inductor was used. It had 1.72 m# of dc resistance. The output capacitor was 3300 µF with 3 m# ESR. The CMOS opamp with c ...
Folie 1 - ARC Brasov
Folie 1 - ARC Brasov

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Preliminary Work

... c. Determine the input voltage amplitude that will produce a 20Vpp output. 20 Vpp is the total voltage from the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage. A 20 Vpp would be vt   10 sin 2 f t  . 2. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.1. The pin out of the LF347 chip should be in the datasheet that ...
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Physics Higher Level Electricity and Electronics

... (b) The capacitor begins to charge. What will be the voltage across the capacitor at the instant the voltage across the resistor is 6 V? ...
DCA2000 - 2 – 60, 34
DCA2000 - 2 – 60, 34

... Behlman’s DCA2000 series of COTS power supplies are highly reliable, switch mode units built for high-end industrial or MIL applications. The DCA series accepts three phase “Y” or delta inputs and can supply a variety of DC from 3.3 VDC to 100 VDC outputs. Output power levels range from 1500 W to 30 ...
SYNERGISTIC DESIGN OF DSP AND POWER AMPLIFIERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
SYNERGISTIC DESIGN OF DSP AND POWER AMPLIFIERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

... power supply voltage and output power can be optimized. At the same time, the dynamic response characteristics of the dc-dc converter can be taken into account (accommodating the finite response time of the converter, for example). The DSP computes the envelope of the signal, followed by the appropr ...
KFD2-STV4-2-1 SMART Transmitter Power Supply Connection
KFD2-STV4-2-1 SMART Transmitter Power Supply Connection

... Terminal blocks with test sockets Up to SIL 2 acc. to IEC 61508 ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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