• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
INVERTERS - SolarEdge
INVERTERS - SolarEdge

... SE9KUS / SE14.4KUS(1) SE9KUS OUTPUT  Rated AC Power Output Maximum AC Power Output AC Output Line Connections AC Output Voltage Minimum-NominalMaximum(2) (L-N) AC Output Voltage Minimum-NominalMaximum(2) (L-L) AC Frequency Min-Nom-Max(2) Max. Continuous Output Current (per Phase) ...
Synchronous integration Chapter 17 17.1 ‘Boxcar’ detection systems
Synchronous integration Chapter 17 17.1 ‘Boxcar’ detection systems

... system. This works in a similar way to the one we have already considered, but it contains a ‘bank’ of similar switches and integrators. In this system the first switch, S0, is closed during the periods when 0 < t ≤ δt , S1 when δt < t ≤ 2δt , S2 when 2δt < t ≤ 3δt , etc. By using an array of M such ...
Conext XW inverter/charger (120 / 240 V / 60 Hz)
Conext XW inverter/charger (120 / 240 V / 60 Hz)

... Conext™ XW is a pure sine wave inverter/charger with grid-tie and off-grid functionality. Parallel up to four Conext XW inverters for single- or three-phase systems. It has a robust 6 kW power rating and 12 kW of real power output to start loads. Its dual AC inputs have wide voltage ranges to make t ...
AVR493 - Atmel Corporation
AVR493 - Atmel Corporation

... BEMF constant of the motor. The speed can be adjusted by adjusting the applied supply voltage. Normally, one has a fixed voltage source e.g. a battery, a rechargeable battery, or a power supply unit – with a constant voltage. Doing the adjustment of the effective supply voltage by pulse with modulat ...
Presentation
Presentation

... Equation [5] shows how U2 can potentially affect the behavior of U1 through induced power supply variations. Although we are not accustomed to thinking this way, U1’s power pins actually become an input from U2 through the power bus! The classic description of this phenomenon is called “power supply ...
DAY_5_~1
DAY_5_~1

... • Filter capacitors hold a charge a long time. • They charge to the output voltage of the power supply. • Bleeder resistors across the filter capacitors “bleed off” charge when supply is turned off. ...
OSC 2 - Analogue Haven
OSC 2 - Analogue Haven

... front panel inputs CV1-3. By using a front-panel input, the corresponding oscillator is automatically disconnected from the mainframe bus. CV-inputs 1-3 and audio-outputs are interconnected. This means, that a CV-signal present CV1 will also control OSC2 and OSC3, when not separately patched. For ex ...
Smoothing Capacitor
Smoothing Capacitor

... A Smoothing Capacitor is used to generate ripple free DC. Smoothing capacitor is also called Filter capacitor and its function is to convert half wave / full wave output of the rectifier into smooth DC. The power rating and the capacitance are two important aspects to be considered while selecting t ...
Industrial Rack-Mount Inverters
Industrial Rack-Mount Inverters

... under fault conditions, as well as providing a point of isolation from your batteries when switched OFF. The circuit breaker is designed for ease of operation and safety. If the Inverter shuts down due to Overload, Undervolts or Overvolts it can be reset. Full 3500V AC/DC isolation. Galvanically iso ...
SMPS - electric project circuit
SMPS - electric project circuit

... 50kW / 120 kHz oscillator, 150kV-0-150kV / 120 kHz step- up transformer, RF electrode assembly, High Voltage multiplier column, HV terminal dome. Electron gun is located inside the HV terminal dome floating at 3 MV. The electron gun requires power to generate the electrons for acceleration. Power is ...
voltage signal isolator - OMEGA Engineering Canada
voltage signal isolator - OMEGA Engineering Canada

... OMDC-VSI incorporates a feedback circuit, which virtually eliminates output changes due to the thermal drift of logic components. The OMDC-VSI is packaged in an aluminum chassis mount housing and contains an on-board power supply for its logic circuit. An electrical isolation rating of 2500 Vrms is ...
AC Power Quality and Standards
AC Power Quality and Standards

... * A UN correspondent reports C and F common in Kabul, but its likely a variety of plugs may be used around the country. Some sources report Type D also in use. ...
LEDAY7W Technical Catalogue
LEDAY7W Technical Catalogue

IECON2003EBP
IECON2003EBP

... of ballast, the lamp ignition is critical, because the ballast uses a tuned LCC resonant circuit with passive elements that may have its values changed by many different reasons like temperature variation, life time and assembling factors. In this way, the EBDS system avoids this problem by making t ...
Bus-bars of Substations Bus-bars
Bus-bars of Substations Bus-bars

...  The incoming and outgoing lines can be connected to either busbar with the help of a bus-bar coupler which consists of a circuit breaker and isolators.  Ordinarily, the incoming and outgoing lines remain connected to the main bus-bar. However, in case of repair of main bus-bar or fault occuring o ...
ER33863872
ER33863872

Medium Voltage Multilevel Converters for a Multi-MW Wind Turbine Grid Connection
Medium Voltage Multilevel Converters for a Multi-MW Wind Turbine Grid Connection

... in bar charts as seen in Fig.10, 11, and 12. In these charts, it is obviously seen that the outer IGBT of the NPC experience 30% more power loss than IGBTs of the FC and HB. Also, the FC and HB show very similar power loss pattern. Considering that IGBTs and diodes (except for clamping diodes) share ...
protection
protection

... input line fuses, a compact input filter and a system of 9 bidirectional switches that are arranged in a matrix, to convert a three-phase AC input voltage directly into a three-phase AC ...
LA5744TP - ON Semiconductor
LA5744TP - ON Semiconductor

... 1. C3 is for the soft start function. Delete C3 and keep the SS pin open when the soft start function is not necessary. 2. In some cases, the output may not turn on if power is applied when a load is connected. If this is a problem, increase the value of the inductor. ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... oscillator. More precisely, an oscillator is a circuit that generates a repetitive wave form of fixed amplitude and frequency without any external input signal. Basically the function of an oscillator is to generate alternating current or voltage wave form. It often produces a sine wave or a square ...
The Online UPS
The Online UPS

... AC Power to the Load Internal Automatic Bypass ...
Step-Down Converter Operates from Single Li-Ion Cell
Step-Down Converter Operates from Single Li-Ion Cell

... Figure 4. Efficiency vs Load Current ...
13EM17 PASSENGER BUS ALERT SYSTEM FOR EASY
13EM17 PASSENGER BUS ALERT SYSTEM FOR EASY

... code execution at maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb Mode reduces code by more than 30% with minimal performance penalty. With their compact 64 pin package, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, 4- channel 10-bit ADC, USB PORT,PWM channels a ...
How a Dimmer Works
How a Dimmer Works

... transformer fed loads use what is known as a hard firing technique. This ensures that the trigger pulse is maintained for a long enough period of time to ensure that the current reaches the device’s threshold level. ...
inverters - SolarEdge
inverters - SolarEdge

... Three Phase Inverters for the 277/480V Grid for North America SE10KUS / SE20KUS / SE33.3KUS(1) ...
< 1 ... 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report