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six light troubleshooting.fm
six light troubleshooting.fm

... The Status Light Panel is normally located on the Electrical Panel. All six lights are illuminated when the system is in proper working order. The lights turn on in a sequence and will stop at the point where a fault is first detected. ...
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... A nanosecond pulse generator circuit was constructed using two CMOS digital ICs based on a published report [11]. One IC was a retriggerable monostable multivibrator and the other was a D flip flop. The retriggerable monostable multivibrator produces pulses depending upon the value of one external c ...
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EMPGUN1 Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Gun
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... The ability of a signal to disrupt sensitive circuitry requires several properties. Most micro processors consist of field effect transistors (FET) operating at very low voltages. Once these voltages are exceeded, catastrophic failure becomes imminent. Forgiveness to an over voltage fault is practic ...
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... a highly inductive nature loads at the point of common coupling (PCC). These can compensate by shunt APF connected with the load and loads such as diode bridge rectifier with high dc capacitive filters draws a high power supplies in terms of AC to DC form for AC drives. These types of loads are mana ...
Final Year Project - NUI Galway CompSoc
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3366 External Power Supply

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LAC • Firgelli Linear Actuator Control Board
LAC • Firgelli Linear Actuator Control Board

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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