`party drugs` in people living with HIV on
... [11], is normally associated with high-risk practices for sexually transmitted infections, and has recently dramatically contributed to the expansion of the HIVepidemic [3,12,13]. This is especially true for specific centres such as London, Berlin, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Sydney, but concerns ...
... [11], is normally associated with high-risk practices for sexually transmitted infections, and has recently dramatically contributed to the expansion of the HIVepidemic [3,12,13]. This is especially true for specific centres such as London, Berlin, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Sydney, but concerns ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Drug Metabolism and Untoward
... compounds such as acetaminophen, salicylates and beta-blockers (Lampe et al.). Conversely, samples that were homozygous for UGT1A6*2 exhibited a high rate of glucuronidation relative to tissues with other genotypes (Nagar, Zalatoris and Blanchard). Prominent drugs that undergo glucuronidation are mo ...
... compounds such as acetaminophen, salicylates and beta-blockers (Lampe et al.). Conversely, samples that were homozygous for UGT1A6*2 exhibited a high rate of glucuronidation relative to tissues with other genotypes (Nagar, Zalatoris and Blanchard). Prominent drugs that undergo glucuronidation are mo ...
DRUG INTERACTIONS
... Garlic extract (3 x 600 mg twice daily) for 14 days A decaffeinated green tea (GT; Camellia sinensis) extract (4 capsules/day, 14 days). Each GT capsule contained 211 +/- 25 mg of catechins and <1 mg of caffeine against 30 mg dextromethorphan (CYP 2D6 activity) and 2 mg alprazolam (CYP 3A4 activ ...
... Garlic extract (3 x 600 mg twice daily) for 14 days A decaffeinated green tea (GT; Camellia sinensis) extract (4 capsules/day, 14 days). Each GT capsule contained 211 +/- 25 mg of catechins and <1 mg of caffeine against 30 mg dextromethorphan (CYP 2D6 activity) and 2 mg alprazolam (CYP 3A4 activ ...
Grade 2008-2010 final exam-A
... 4)ACEI are used as first-line agents for CHF therapy and decrease mortality, prevent and reverse myocardial remodeling. no reflex tachycardia (unlike vasodilators), therefore safe for use in persons with ischemic heart disease. ...
... 4)ACEI are used as first-line agents for CHF therapy and decrease mortality, prevent and reverse myocardial remodeling. no reflex tachycardia (unlike vasodilators), therefore safe for use in persons with ischemic heart disease. ...
Complications of Antiretroviral Therapy
... – Mild effects: continue therapy – Moderate effects: single-drug substitution – Severe effects: discontinuation ...
... – Mild effects: continue therapy – Moderate effects: single-drug substitution – Severe effects: discontinuation ...
Chapter 1 - Drug Discovery and Development: An Overview of
... Crixivan® (Indinavir)8 (HIV protease inhibitors) provided additional treatment alternatives (Figure 1.1). In the late 1990s, multidrug cocktail treatment regimens, also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),9 were introduced, further enhancing treatment options, culminating in the de ...
... Crixivan® (Indinavir)8 (HIV protease inhibitors) provided additional treatment alternatives (Figure 1.1). In the late 1990s, multidrug cocktail treatment regimens, also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),9 were introduced, further enhancing treatment options, culminating in the de ...
ARV guidelines
... absence of very high levels of plasma HIV RNA, some would defer therapy and monitor the CD4+ and level of plasma HIV RNA more frequently. Clinical outcomes data after initiating therapy are lacking. ...
... absence of very high levels of plasma HIV RNA, some would defer therapy and monitor the CD4+ and level of plasma HIV RNA more frequently. Clinical outcomes data after initiating therapy are lacking. ...
M.Sc.(PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) PART
... answer / objective type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 28 marks (2 marks each). INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES: ...
... answer / objective type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 28 marks (2 marks each). INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES: ...
Metabolism of drugs
... Allopurinol both prolongs the duration and enhances the chemotherapeutic action of mercaptopurine by competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Consequently, to avoid bone marrow toxicity, the dose of mercaptopurine is usually reduced in patients receiving allopurinol. Cimetidine, a drug used in th ...
... Allopurinol both prolongs the duration and enhances the chemotherapeutic action of mercaptopurine by competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Consequently, to avoid bone marrow toxicity, the dose of mercaptopurine is usually reduced in patients receiving allopurinol. Cimetidine, a drug used in th ...
ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
... anthrax, tularemia, spirochetes, Leptospira, Borrelia (including the causative agents of Lyme disease), Rickettsia (including pathogens I spotted fever of the Rocky mountains. and of typhus), chlamydia, Mycoplasma (including the causative agents of atypical pneumonia), actinomyces, Clostridium (exce ...
... anthrax, tularemia, spirochetes, Leptospira, Borrelia (including the causative agents of Lyme disease), Rickettsia (including pathogens I spotted fever of the Rocky mountains. and of typhus), chlamydia, Mycoplasma (including the causative agents of atypical pneumonia), actinomyces, Clostridium (exce ...
Pharmacodynamics and genetics and kinetics
... active centre of the enzyme. The more drug that is present with the enzyme the slower the enzymic reaction will take place. Drugs that act this way can be counteracted by increasing the concentration of the substrate, and this is how many antidotes work. Competitive inhibition occurs when the enzyme ...
... active centre of the enzyme. The more drug that is present with the enzyme the slower the enzymic reaction will take place. Drugs that act this way can be counteracted by increasing the concentration of the substrate, and this is how many antidotes work. Competitive inhibition occurs when the enzyme ...
Drugs for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex disease
... Can’t use rifampin in people being treated with PIs or NNRTIs. May substitute Rifabutin, in one half the dose, unless patient is taking ...
... Can’t use rifampin in people being treated with PIs or NNRTIs. May substitute Rifabutin, in one half the dose, unless patient is taking ...
harrington_hiv
... Synthetic peptide – blocks gp41 mediated fusion Subcutaneous injection twice/day Indicated for “salvage therapy” (use with at least one other active drug or in patients with high risk of disease progression/death) Maraviroc (Selzentry) Only effective against HIV isolates that utilize CCR5 co-recepto ...
... Synthetic peptide – blocks gp41 mediated fusion Subcutaneous injection twice/day Indicated for “salvage therapy” (use with at least one other active drug or in patients with high risk of disease progression/death) Maraviroc (Selzentry) Only effective against HIV isolates that utilize CCR5 co-recepto ...
`Spice` and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid
... Austria, Germany and other European countries mainly via Internet shops. Although declared as incense, they are smoked as ‘bio-drugs’ by the consumers. In corresponding blogs, drug users reported cannabis-like effects after smoking. These products enjoy great popularity particularly among younger pe ...
... Austria, Germany and other European countries mainly via Internet shops. Although declared as incense, they are smoked as ‘bio-drugs’ by the consumers. In corresponding blogs, drug users reported cannabis-like effects after smoking. These products enjoy great popularity particularly among younger pe ...
ARV-based Microbicides and Resistance
... HIV infections too few to draw conclusions on efficacy ...
... HIV infections too few to draw conclusions on efficacy ...
antimycobacterials
... solvents. Hence, they are termed “acid-fast.” The most widely encountered mycobacterial infection is tuberculosis—the leading cause worldwide of death from infection. Members of the genus Mycobacterium also cause leprosy, as well as, several tuberculosis-like human infections. Mycobacterial infectio ...
... solvents. Hence, they are termed “acid-fast.” The most widely encountered mycobacterial infection is tuberculosis—the leading cause worldwide of death from infection. Members of the genus Mycobacterium also cause leprosy, as well as, several tuberculosis-like human infections. Mycobacterial infectio ...
APPENDIX The Cytochrome P450 System
... inhibitor. Taking the two drugs concurrently sometimes resulted in high plasma concentrations of terfenadine, and some patients experienced serious cardiac arrhythmias as a result. Similar reactions sometimes occurred when terfenadine was taken concurrently with the antibiotic erythromycin, also a C ...
... inhibitor. Taking the two drugs concurrently sometimes resulted in high plasma concentrations of terfenadine, and some patients experienced serious cardiac arrhythmias as a result. Similar reactions sometimes occurred when terfenadine was taken concurrently with the antibiotic erythromycin, also a C ...
Therapeutic Potential of Spirooxindoles as Antiviral Agents
... of 8 nM. As expected, 19 has enhanced water solubility and metabolic stability in vitro, as well as improved pharmacokinetic properties in vivo, with an F value of 46%. Although it was reported to have antiviral activity against L100I, I135T, I135V, E138K, and F227L mutant viruses, poor antiviral ac ...
... of 8 nM. As expected, 19 has enhanced water solubility and metabolic stability in vitro, as well as improved pharmacokinetic properties in vivo, with an F value of 46%. Although it was reported to have antiviral activity against L100I, I135T, I135V, E138K, and F227L mutant viruses, poor antiviral ac ...
Antimycobacterial Drugs
... The addition of pyrazinamide to an isoniazid-rifampin combination for the first 2 months allows the total duration of therapy to be reduced to 6 months without loss of efficacy. In practice, therapy is initiated with a four-drug regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol until susc ...
... The addition of pyrazinamide to an isoniazid-rifampin combination for the first 2 months allows the total duration of therapy to be reduced to 6 months without loss of efficacy. In practice, therapy is initiated with a four-drug regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol until susc ...
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute
... Subcommittee. This letter stated that as a stakeholder, the NCCLS could help the FDA by setting breakpoints and quality control ranges of antimicrobial drugs, thereby saving FDA resources. F. Alan Andersen (President Elect of the NCCLS) presented the NCCLS stakeholder position. Representatives from ...
... Subcommittee. This letter stated that as a stakeholder, the NCCLS could help the FDA by setting breakpoints and quality control ranges of antimicrobial drugs, thereby saving FDA resources. F. Alan Andersen (President Elect of the NCCLS) presented the NCCLS stakeholder position. Representatives from ...
benzoyl benzoic acid based 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues
... enhanced biological activities. This is attributed due to their goodlipophilicity that could facilitate the penetration or passage of these compounds across the biological membrane easily. The docking score of 13e was much more than standard drug diclofenac sodium and SCS58 (selective COX-2 inhibito ...
... enhanced biological activities. This is attributed due to their goodlipophilicity that could facilitate the penetration or passage of these compounds across the biological membrane easily. The docking score of 13e was much more than standard drug diclofenac sodium and SCS58 (selective COX-2 inhibito ...
0001104659-17-025291 - ContraVir Pharmaceuticals
... specific focus on developing a potentially curative therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV). The Company is developing two novel anti-HBV compounds with complementary mechanisms of action. One compound, TXL™ is an analog of the antiviral drug Viread ® (tenofovir disoproxil fumerate), and is currently in ...
... specific focus on developing a potentially curative therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV). The Company is developing two novel anti-HBV compounds with complementary mechanisms of action. One compound, TXL™ is an analog of the antiviral drug Viread ® (tenofovir disoproxil fumerate), and is currently in ...
Transformation of Peptides into Non-Peptides
... novel inhibitor structure in that the core portion of the inhibitor lacks nitrogen. At the time we began this work, no nonnitrogen-containing tight-binding inhibitors of pepsin were known, and we simplified 8 to produce a series of compounds designed to determine whether GrowMol had produced a reali ...
... novel inhibitor structure in that the core portion of the inhibitor lacks nitrogen. At the time we began this work, no nonnitrogen-containing tight-binding inhibitors of pepsin were known, and we simplified 8 to produce a series of compounds designed to determine whether GrowMol had produced a reali ...
Understanding Pharmacokinetics & Drug-Drug Interactions
... – Phase II/III trials – more data needed • Number of studies: no specific number needed prior to approval – Must be adequate at time of new drug application (NDA) to support concomitant dosing – Studies for clinically important but less frequently used drugs can be conducted post-marketing • Early d ...
... – Phase II/III trials – more data needed • Number of studies: no specific number needed prior to approval – Must be adequate at time of new drug application (NDA) to support concomitant dosing – Studies for clinically important but less frequently used drugs can be conducted post-marketing • Early d ...
web.unife.it
... About This Presentation These slides were developed using the March 2005 Pediatric Guidelines. The intended audience is clinicians involved in the care of patients with HIV. The user is cautioned that, due to the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. ...
... About This Presentation These slides were developed using the March 2005 Pediatric Guidelines. The intended audience is clinicians involved in the care of patients with HIV. The user is cautioned that, due to the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. ...
Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NNRTIs inhibit reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that controls the replication of the genetic material of HIV. RT is one of the most popular targets in the field of antiretroviral drug development.Discovery and development of NNRTIs began in the late 1980s and in the end of 2009 four NNRTI had been approved by regulatory authorities and several others were undergoing clinical development. Drug resistance develops quickly if NNRTIs are administered as monotherapy and therefore NNRTIs are always given as part of combination therapy, the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).