Fractional Distillation
... Because of this deviation, at about zchl = 0.65, the mixture becomes constant boiling. This mixture is referred to as an Azeotrope. This means that if we start with a mixture of Acetone and Chloroform that is rich in Acetone (~ xChl = 0.2), a fractional distillation will produce pure Acetone and an ...
... Because of this deviation, at about zchl = 0.65, the mixture becomes constant boiling. This mixture is referred to as an Azeotrope. This means that if we start with a mixture of Acetone and Chloroform that is rich in Acetone (~ xChl = 0.2), a fractional distillation will produce pure Acetone and an ...
universita` degli studi di padova - Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
... (b) – For higher electrolyte conc. A significant secondary minimum appears before the energy barrier. The potential energy minimum at constant is called primary minimum. The colloids are kinetically stable because overcoming the energy barrier is a slow process and the particles either sit in the se ...
... (b) – For higher electrolyte conc. A significant secondary minimum appears before the energy barrier. The potential energy minimum at constant is called primary minimum. The colloids are kinetically stable because overcoming the energy barrier is a slow process and the particles either sit in the se ...
Surface tension
Surface tension is the elastic tendency of liquids which makes them acquire the least surface area possible. Surface tension is an important property that markedly influences many ecosystems. Surface tension is responsible, for example, when an object or insect (e.g. water striders) that is denser than water is able to float or run along the water surface.At liquid-air interfaces, surface tension results from the greater attraction of water molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion). The net effect is an inward force at its surface that causes water to behave as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane. Because of the relatively high attraction of water molecules for each other, water has a high surface tension (72.8 millinewtons per meter at 20 °C) compared to that of most other liquids. Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity.Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. The two are equivalent—but when referring to energy per unit of area, people use the term surface energy—which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to solids and not just liquids.In materials science, surface tension is used for either surface stress or surface free energy.