Induced nanoscale deformations in polymers using atomic
... of this breakdown. The height of the film is assumed to be a = 30 nm, and the tip–polymer distance h = 5 nm, and 10 nm. With a tip voltage of −20 V electric fields of magnitude 4 ⫻ 109 and 2 ⫻ 109 V m−1, respectively, are created in the upper part of the film. We assume no substantial variation of t ...
... of this breakdown. The height of the film is assumed to be a = 30 nm, and the tip–polymer distance h = 5 nm, and 10 nm. With a tip voltage of −20 V electric fields of magnitude 4 ⫻ 109 and 2 ⫻ 109 V m−1, respectively, are created in the upper part of the film. We assume no substantial variation of t ...
Pore Scale Modeling of Rock Properties and Comparison to Laboratory Measurements
... conductivity at 25 oC by the steady state flow method in the pressure range of 0.05atm to 0.2atm. The BET surface area measurement is based on the volume of Krypton (Kr) gas adsorbed at a sequence of pressure points. Kr provides roughly 300 times greater sensitivity than Nitrogen (N2). All the labor ...
... conductivity at 25 oC by the steady state flow method in the pressure range of 0.05atm to 0.2atm. The BET surface area measurement is based on the volume of Krypton (Kr) gas adsorbed at a sequence of pressure points. Kr provides roughly 300 times greater sensitivity than Nitrogen (N2). All the labor ...
Surface tension
Surface tension is the elastic tendency of liquids which makes them acquire the least surface area possible. Surface tension is an important property that markedly influences many ecosystems. Surface tension is responsible, for example, when an object or insect (e.g. water striders) that is denser than water is able to float or run along the water surface.At liquid-air interfaces, surface tension results from the greater attraction of water molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion). The net effect is an inward force at its surface that causes water to behave as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane. Because of the relatively high attraction of water molecules for each other, water has a high surface tension (72.8 millinewtons per meter at 20 °C) compared to that of most other liquids. Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity.Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. The two are equivalent—but when referring to energy per unit of area, people use the term surface energy—which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to solids and not just liquids.In materials science, surface tension is used for either surface stress or surface free energy.