Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... nucleus. The two most ventral layers of the nucleus contain relatively large cells and are known as the magnocellular layers; their main retinal input is from M ganglion cells. The four dorsal layers are known as parvocellular layers and receive input from P ganglion cells. Both the magnocellular an ...
... nucleus. The two most ventral layers of the nucleus contain relatively large cells and are known as the magnocellular layers; their main retinal input is from M ganglion cells. The four dorsal layers are known as parvocellular layers and receive input from P ganglion cells. Both the magnocellular an ...
The time course of selective visual attention: theory and experiments
... important distinction in the processing of information in visual search tasks is its separation in two stages. The first, early ‘‘preattentive’’ stage operates in parallel across the entire visual field extracting single ‘‘primitive features’’ without integrating them. The second ‘‘attentive’’ stage c ...
... important distinction in the processing of information in visual search tasks is its separation in two stages. The first, early ‘‘preattentive’’ stage operates in parallel across the entire visual field extracting single ‘‘primitive features’’ without integrating them. The second ‘‘attentive’’ stage c ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... explanations for high-level visual function (Ishai 2008; Wiggett and Downing 2008; Atkinson and Adolphs, 2011). Functional integration and functional segregation are complementary approaches and a comprehensive research program should pursue both. The present article reviews studies taking a functio ...
... explanations for high-level visual function (Ishai 2008; Wiggett and Downing 2008; Atkinson and Adolphs, 2011). Functional integration and functional segregation are complementary approaches and a comprehensive research program should pursue both. The present article reviews studies taking a functio ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... safe and fear responses are reduced. Extinction-based exposure therapies have the strongest empirical evidence for benefitting adult patients suffering from PTSD (1), yet a comparative lack of knowledge about the development of fear neural circuitry prohibits similarly successful treatment outcomes i ...
... safe and fear responses are reduced. Extinction-based exposure therapies have the strongest empirical evidence for benefitting adult patients suffering from PTSD (1), yet a comparative lack of knowledge about the development of fear neural circuitry prohibits similarly successful treatment outcomes i ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of
... Mateeff et al. (1985) also conducted two further experiments in their study first described earlier in this article. In one experiment, participants judged the direction of motion of a briefly-presented sound moving to the left or right while they simultaneously tracked a visual stimulus moving in t ...
... Mateeff et al. (1985) also conducted two further experiments in their study first described earlier in this article. In one experiment, participants judged the direction of motion of a briefly-presented sound moving to the left or right while they simultaneously tracked a visual stimulus moving in t ...
Extended PDF
... integration broke down when auditory and visual signals were far apart and more likely to be caused by independent sources (i.e., a significant interaction between task relevance and spatial disparity; p = 0.015). fMRI Decoding across the Cortical Hierarchy To characterize how auditory and visual si ...
... integration broke down when auditory and visual signals were far apart and more likely to be caused by independent sources (i.e., a significant interaction between task relevance and spatial disparity; p = 0.015). fMRI Decoding across the Cortical Hierarchy To characterize how auditory and visual si ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... fastest movements of the body; their peak velocity can reach more than 500°/sec. There is an approximately linear relationship between the amplitude and the peak velocity of the saccade for the first 20° from the center position (Leigh & Zee, 1999). The relationship between the peak velocity and amp ...
... fastest movements of the body; their peak velocity can reach more than 500°/sec. There is an approximately linear relationship between the amplitude and the peak velocity of the saccade for the first 20° from the center position (Leigh & Zee, 1999). The relationship between the peak velocity and amp ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... Fifty years of research have yielded powerful models for the responses of neurons in the mammalian early visual system. According to these models, neurons process the intensity values in visual images by performing simple arithmetic operations. Initial models proposed that these operations are weigh ...
... Fifty years of research have yielded powerful models for the responses of neurons in the mammalian early visual system. According to these models, neurons process the intensity values in visual images by performing simple arithmetic operations. Initial models proposed that these operations are weigh ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (see below). Location selectivity mapping task. In the location selectivity mapping task, a yellow fixation square (side length 0.3°) appeared in the center of a light gray bac ...
... report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (see below). Location selectivity mapping task. In the location selectivity mapping task, a yellow fixation square (side length 0.3°) appeared in the center of a light gray bac ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... and extends onto adjacent portions of the medial surface of the hemisphere medially and the medial bank of IPS laterally (Galletti et al., 1999). Area V6 is located ventrally and posteriorly with respect to V6A in the deepest part of the anterior bank of POS (Galletti et al., 1996). It is likely tha ...
... and extends onto adjacent portions of the medial surface of the hemisphere medially and the medial bank of IPS laterally (Galletti et al., 1999). Area V6 is located ventrally and posteriorly with respect to V6A in the deepest part of the anterior bank of POS (Galletti et al., 1996). It is likely tha ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... tracheotomy and intravenous cannulation, the ears were locally anesthetized with viscous lidocaine (International Medical Systems, El Monte, CA) and the animal placed in a stereotaxic frame. The animal’s retinae were focused on the screen with contact lenses. The pupils were dilated with atropine me ...
... tracheotomy and intravenous cannulation, the ears were locally anesthetized with viscous lidocaine (International Medical Systems, El Monte, CA) and the animal placed in a stereotaxic frame. The animal’s retinae were focused on the screen with contact lenses. The pupils were dilated with atropine me ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... may have influenced the cortical response. Basic cross modality matching studies of brightness and loudness reveal that individuals tend to associate brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds (Marks, 1987; McPherson, 1975; Stevens & Marks, 1965). Thus, the intensities o ...
... may have influenced the cortical response. Basic cross modality matching studies of brightness and loudness reveal that individuals tend to associate brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds (Marks, 1987; McPherson, 1975; Stevens & Marks, 1965). Thus, the intensities o ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... Figure 3. Visual field representation in V6A, and its possible use in reaching control. (A) Spatial locations occupied by V6A visual receptive fields. Color scale indicates the relative density of receptive fields covering that specific part of the visual field. In the dark red region, more than 200 visu ...
... Figure 3. Visual field representation in V6A, and its possible use in reaching control. (A) Spatial locations occupied by V6A visual receptive fields. Color scale indicates the relative density of receptive fields covering that specific part of the visual field. In the dark red region, more than 200 visu ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... and behavioral deficits that must resolve before animals can be tested again. During this recovery period, compensatory changes can occur that likely mitigate or otherwise alter any resulting deficits. (2) In some cases, lesions were not restricted to the SC, so deficits may have been due to damage ...
... and behavioral deficits that must resolve before animals can be tested again. During this recovery period, compensatory changes can occur that likely mitigate or otherwise alter any resulting deficits. (2) In some cases, lesions were not restricted to the SC, so deficits may have been due to damage ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic st ...
... Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed understanding of how activity triggers a loss of synaptic st ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... Figure 2. Ten partitioning schemes for macaque visual cortex registered to the atlas and displayed on flat map views. See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used ...
... Figure 2. Ten partitioning schemes for macaque visual cortex registered to the atlas and displayed on flat map views. See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... (or activity) gain in terms of increased phase locking of population activity to stimulus flicker, SSVEP amplitudes might be sensitive enough to demonstrate response (or activity) gain. Indeed, some of the data reported in a prior SSVEP study2 are suggestive of multiplicative attention effects on SS ...
... (or activity) gain in terms of increased phase locking of population activity to stimulus flicker, SSVEP amplitudes might be sensitive enough to demonstrate response (or activity) gain. Indeed, some of the data reported in a prior SSVEP study2 are suggestive of multiplicative attention effects on SS ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... a very early postnatal period during which the cortex is still growing. A recent paper by Duffy et al. (1998) has shown that the surface area of primary visual cortex (area 17, V1) of adult cats was more than twice (230%) that of neonatal (1-week-old) kittens, while the shape of area 17 did not chan ...
... a very early postnatal period during which the cortex is still growing. A recent paper by Duffy et al. (1998) has shown that the surface area of primary visual cortex (area 17, V1) of adult cats was more than twice (230%) that of neonatal (1-week-old) kittens, while the shape of area 17 did not chan ...
Full Text
... Following damage to the human post-geniculate visual pathway retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of the optic nerve fibres occurs. It has been known for some time from investigations carried out in primates that a decline in the number of retinal ganglion cells follows occipital lobectomy. Howeve ...
... Following damage to the human post-geniculate visual pathway retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of the optic nerve fibres occurs. It has been known for some time from investigations carried out in primates that a decline in the number of retinal ganglion cells follows occipital lobectomy. Howeve ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... annulus) were removed based on a reference scan that was run as the first scan at the beginning of each session. The reference stimulus was a contrast-reversing 8.3 Hz, 1 cycle/° checkerboard restricted to the same 5–7° annulus. This stimulus was alternated every 36 s with a mid-gray field of equal ...
... annulus) were removed based on a reference scan that was run as the first scan at the beginning of each session. The reference stimulus was a contrast-reversing 8.3 Hz, 1 cycle/° checkerboard restricted to the same 5–7° annulus. This stimulus was alternated every 36 s with a mid-gray field of equal ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... cerebral cortex. For cortical cartographers interested in vision, a fundamental set of objectives is to identify in key species of interest the overall extent of visual cortex, the total number of visual areas, the identities of these areas, and their location in relation to one another and to vario ...
... cerebral cortex. For cortical cartographers interested in vision, a fundamental set of objectives is to identify in key species of interest the overall extent of visual cortex, the total number of visual areas, the identities of these areas, and their location in relation to one another and to vario ...
Visual extinction
Visual extinction is a neurological disorder which occurs following damage to the parietal lobe of the brain. It is similar to, but distinct from, hemispatial neglect. Visual extinction has the characteristic symptom of difficulty to perceive contralesional stimuli when presented simultaneously with an ipsilesional stimulus, but the ability to correctly identify them when not presented simultaneously. Under simultaneous presentation, the contralesional stimulus is apparently ignored by the patient, or extinguished. This deficiency may lead to difficulty on behalf of the patient with processing the stimuli’s 3D position.