directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... canals during head movements of high frequency and velocity and from the visual system during head movements of low frequency and velocity. The resulting eye movements are called the vestibulo-ocular reflex when only vestibular inputs are involved and are called optokinetic eye movements when only v ...
... canals during head movements of high frequency and velocity and from the visual system during head movements of low frequency and velocity. The resulting eye movements are called the vestibulo-ocular reflex when only vestibular inputs are involved and are called optokinetic eye movements when only v ...
Action Preparation Shapes Processing in Early Visual Cortex
... graspingorpointingactionwaspreparedfromsignalsinvisualcortexasearlyasV1.Thesesignalsinearlyvisualcortexwereobservedevenwhen actionswereonlypreparedbutnotexecuted.Anteriorparietalcortex,ontheotherhand,showedclearestmodulationforactualmovements.This demonstrates that preparation of actions, even witho ...
... graspingorpointingactionwaspreparedfromsignalsinvisualcortexasearlyasV1.Thesesignalsinearlyvisualcortexwereobservedevenwhen actionswereonlypreparedbutnotexecuted.Anteriorparietalcortex,ontheotherhand,showedclearestmodulationforactualmovements.This demonstrates that preparation of actions, even witho ...
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... increased activity to the CS during extinction retrieval (Milad and Quirk, 2002). Stimulation of IL neurons both decreases the responsiveness of CE neurons (Quirk et al, 2003) and diminishes conditioned responding to a nonextinguished CS (Milad et al, 2004). Furthermore, the degree of high-frequency ...
... increased activity to the CS during extinction retrieval (Milad and Quirk, 2002). Stimulation of IL neurons both decreases the responsiveness of CE neurons (Quirk et al, 2003) and diminishes conditioned responding to a nonextinguished CS (Milad et al, 2004). Furthermore, the degree of high-frequency ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... participants attended to the surface properties of the same objects, activation was present in more medial and anterior regions in the collateral sulcus (CoS) and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We went on to demonstrate that attending explicitly to texture activated regions in the IOG and the C ...
... participants attended to the surface properties of the same objects, activation was present in more medial and anterior regions in the collateral sulcus (CoS) and the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We went on to demonstrate that attending explicitly to texture activated regions in the IOG and the C ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... ignoring that region, the contents of the filled-in percept should simply reflect — be the same as — those in the surrounding visual field. Ramachandran and Gregory found that this is not the case for texture fillingin5. Subjects viewed a visual stimulus that contained a grey square on a pink backgr ...
... ignoring that region, the contents of the filled-in percept should simply reflect — be the same as — those in the surrounding visual field. Ramachandran and Gregory found that this is not the case for texture fillingin5. Subjects viewed a visual stimulus that contained a grey square on a pink backgr ...
Contributions of the Basal Amygdala Nuclei to Conditioned Fear
... Unit recordings. Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and administered atropine methyl nitrate (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) to reduce secretions and aid breathing. In aseptic conditions, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus with nonpuncture ear bars. A local anesthetic (bupivacaine, subcutaneous) was ...
... Unit recordings. Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and administered atropine methyl nitrate (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) to reduce secretions and aid breathing. In aseptic conditions, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus with nonpuncture ear bars. A local anesthetic (bupivacaine, subcutaneous) was ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... parietal lobule and the parietal operculum (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008). We have limited the definition of PL seizures to seizures originating from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), as previously proposed (Salanova et al., 1995). We have also included seizures from the parietal operculum. The PPC co ...
... parietal lobule and the parietal operculum (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008). We have limited the definition of PL seizures to seizures originating from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), as previously proposed (Salanova et al., 1995). We have also included seizures from the parietal operculum. The PPC co ...
see clearly method
... actual increase in acuity and try to find out what makes them tick, we might get some sort of answer to the questions which are being asked by the persons who take these sight training courses. They know that if they see 20/10 vividly they are not getting a simple method of better distinguishing blu ...
... actual increase in acuity and try to find out what makes them tick, we might get some sort of answer to the questions which are being asked by the persons who take these sight training courses. They know that if they see 20/10 vividly they are not getting a simple method of better distinguishing blu ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald 1991, 1993; Bonhoeffer et al. 1995; Rao et al. 1997). Our aim in the present study was to examine how cortical activity elicited by presentation of a uniform surface is distributed with ...
... singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald 1991, 1993; Bonhoeffer et al. 1995; Rao et al. 1997). Our aim in the present study was to examine how cortical activity elicited by presentation of a uniform surface is distributed with ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... Single-unit recording studies in the monkey have provided detailed, quantitative descriptions of how attention alters visual cortical neuron responses. When attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respon ...
... Single-unit recording studies in the monkey have provided detailed, quantitative descriptions of how attention alters visual cortical neuron responses. When attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respon ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... become inappropriate. By determining how orbitofrontal neurons respond during the performance of the go/no go visual discrimination task with reversals, which is an example of the sort of task disrupted by orbitofrontal lesions, it may be possible to determine why damage to this area produces such s ...
... become inappropriate. By determining how orbitofrontal neurons respond during the performance of the go/no go visual discrimination task with reversals, which is an example of the sort of task disrupted by orbitofrontal lesions, it may be possible to determine why damage to this area produces such s ...
The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its
... prefrontal lesions has been directly tested in controlled experiments only once (McDonald & Pearce, 1996); the authors found that compared with healthy controls, these patients could not interpret sarcasm. In concordance with this, we also reported a deficit in interpretation of sarcasm in patients ...
... prefrontal lesions has been directly tested in controlled experiments only once (McDonald & Pearce, 1996); the authors found that compared with healthy controls, these patients could not interpret sarcasm. In concordance with this, we also reported a deficit in interpretation of sarcasm in patients ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... light from a larger area than photoreceptors, they effectively produce center-surround antagonism by subtracting a broad response from a local signal (Verweij, Hornstein, & Schnapf, 2003; Wassle, 2004), ideal for detecting local changes in input. Importantly, horizontal cell feedback creates the fir ...
... light from a larger area than photoreceptors, they effectively produce center-surround antagonism by subtracting a broad response from a local signal (Verweij, Hornstein, & Schnapf, 2003; Wassle, 2004), ideal for detecting local changes in input. Importantly, horizontal cell feedback creates the fir ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... to their association. As the result of association, the conditioned stimulus becomes, according to Pavlov, a "substitute" for the unconditioned stimulus and evokes a response similar to that observed to the unconditioned stimulus presented alone (24). In contrast to that in instrumental canditionin ...
... to their association. As the result of association, the conditioned stimulus becomes, according to Pavlov, a "substitute" for the unconditioned stimulus and evokes a response similar to that observed to the unconditioned stimulus presented alone (24). In contrast to that in instrumental canditionin ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... O’Donnell, 1993c; Luria, 1973). The major models will be reviewed briefly in order to provide a backdrop against which to evaluate what has been found with continuous performance test (CPT) studies. It is important to note that while earlier models tended to emphasize the RAS, there is increasing em ...
... O’Donnell, 1993c; Luria, 1973). The major models will be reviewed briefly in order to provide a backdrop against which to evaluate what has been found with continuous performance test (CPT) studies. It is important to note that while earlier models tended to emphasize the RAS, there is increasing em ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... k-space to reduce the acquisition time. The posterior edge of the acquisition volume was aligned in the midsagittal plane with the posterior edge of the corpus callosum to cover the posterior thalamus. Echo planar images were compared with a coaligned high-resolution anatomical scan of the same subj ...
... k-space to reduce the acquisition time. The posterior edge of the acquisition volume was aligned in the midsagittal plane with the posterior edge of the corpus callosum to cover the posterior thalamus. Echo planar images were compared with a coaligned high-resolution anatomical scan of the same subj ...
Schwartz
... functional brain architecture and epilepsy is photosensitive epilepsy. This phenomenon occurs in up to 15% of patients with epilepsy, of which as many as 70% patients will demonstrate a phenomenon called ‘pattern-sensitive epilepsy’, in which epileptic events are triggered by patterned visual stimul ...
... functional brain architecture and epilepsy is photosensitive epilepsy. This phenomenon occurs in up to 15% of patients with epilepsy, of which as many as 70% patients will demonstrate a phenomenon called ‘pattern-sensitive epilepsy’, in which epileptic events are triggered by patterned visual stimul ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... shadow cast by the retinal blood vessels on the receptors was extremely well established. He argued that the truth of such special linking statements could be established by “correlating very many features of a sensory phenomenon with corresponding features of an objectively determined one” (p. 149) ...
... shadow cast by the retinal blood vessels on the receptors was extremely well established. He argued that the truth of such special linking statements could be established by “correlating very many features of a sensory phenomenon with corresponding features of an objectively determined one” (p. 149) ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... imagery is important in human reasoning (and thus diagrams consisting of visual features can support human performance) the evidence is equivocal. However, in Knauff & Johnson-Laird (2002), it was argued that researchers often do not distinguish between ease of visualization and ease of constructing ...
... imagery is important in human reasoning (and thus diagrams consisting of visual features can support human performance) the evidence is equivocal. However, in Knauff & Johnson-Laird (2002), it was argued that researchers often do not distinguish between ease of visualization and ease of constructing ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... perceptual phenomenon in its own right, and have also attracted the attention of people involved in issues related to visual awareness (Crick & Koch, 1992). Several investigators have suggested an LGN locus for binocular rivalry (Blakemore et al., 1972; Lehky, 1988; Lehky & Blake, 1991; Singer, 1977 ...
... perceptual phenomenon in its own right, and have also attracted the attention of people involved in issues related to visual awareness (Crick & Koch, 1992). Several investigators have suggested an LGN locus for binocular rivalry (Blakemore et al., 1972; Lehky, 1988; Lehky & Blake, 1991; Singer, 1977 ...
Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... during straight-ahead fixation was statistically indistinguishable from the visual response measured during fixation of the eccentric target. Both findings argue against a gaze-dependent variation of response strength that could account for the peri-saccadic changes we observe. Saccadic Effects Depe ...
... during straight-ahead fixation was statistically indistinguishable from the visual response measured during fixation of the eccentric target. Both findings argue against a gaze-dependent variation of response strength that could account for the peri-saccadic changes we observe. Saccadic Effects Depe ...
gross_neuroanatomy-1
... • The Occipital Lobe is entirely devoted to the analysis of visual stimuli and it comprises the primary visual cortex (lying along the calcarine sulcus) where the visual information is organized in a retinotopic manner • Lesions produce selective impairment of the visual field (i.e., from scotoma ...
... • The Occipital Lobe is entirely devoted to the analysis of visual stimuli and it comprises the primary visual cortex (lying along the calcarine sulcus) where the visual information is organized in a retinotopic manner • Lesions produce selective impairment of the visual field (i.e., from scotoma ...
How Do We See the World?
... objects of different sizes and shapes around you and observe what you do. First, your eyes orient to the object. Then, as your hand moves toward it, your fingers form the appropriate shape long before they get to the object. When you reach for a pen, your thumb and index finger assume a position as ...
... objects of different sizes and shapes around you and observe what you do. First, your eyes orient to the object. Then, as your hand moves toward it, your fingers form the appropriate shape long before they get to the object. When you reach for a pen, your thumb and index finger assume a position as ...
Visual extinction
Visual extinction is a neurological disorder which occurs following damage to the parietal lobe of the brain. It is similar to, but distinct from, hemispatial neglect. Visual extinction has the characteristic symptom of difficulty to perceive contralesional stimuli when presented simultaneously with an ipsilesional stimulus, but the ability to correctly identify them when not presented simultaneously. Under simultaneous presentation, the contralesional stimulus is apparently ignored by the patient, or extinguished. This deficiency may lead to difficulty on behalf of the patient with processing the stimuli’s 3D position.