Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... (e.g., a valence-neutral face) at 8 spikes/sec, when each pattern is presented alone. This neuron would respond at about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averag ...
... (e.g., a valence-neutral face) at 8 spikes/sec, when each pattern is presented alone. This neuron would respond at about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averag ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... performance accuracy (PA) on valid trials was 82.2% correct for monkey S and 93.8% correct for monkey B. The monkeys’ less-than-perfect performance in this task was not due to a speed–accuracy tradeoff. The reaction times on error trials were longer than on correct trials (t-test: monkey S, P < 0.00 ...
... performance accuracy (PA) on valid trials was 82.2% correct for monkey S and 93.8% correct for monkey B. The monkeys’ less-than-perfect performance in this task was not due to a speed–accuracy tradeoff. The reaction times on error trials were longer than on correct trials (t-test: monkey S, P < 0.00 ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... Figure 100.1 Binocular vision and ocular dominance (OD) plasticity in the mouse. (A) The representation of visual space in the cortex and the site in cortex where OD plasticity is monitored. The left and middle panels show how information for one visual hemifield viewed by the ipsilateral eye (blue ...
... Figure 100.1 Binocular vision and ocular dominance (OD) plasticity in the mouse. (A) The representation of visual space in the cortex and the site in cortex where OD plasticity is monitored. The left and middle panels show how information for one visual hemifield viewed by the ipsilateral eye (blue ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... during visual perception, information propagates through the visual processing hierarchy from primary sensory areas to higher cortical regions. In addition to this feedforward transmission of information, feedback connections convey information in the reverse direction and lateral connections integr ...
... during visual perception, information propagates through the visual processing hierarchy from primary sensory areas to higher cortical regions. In addition to this feedforward transmission of information, feedback connections convey information in the reverse direction and lateral connections integr ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Word - Jim Davies
... element). Certain transformations (start-rotating, stop-rotating, start-translation, stop-translation) are changes to the dynamic behavior of the system under simulation. For example, rotate changes the initial orientation of an element, but in contrast startrotating sets an element in motion. The ...
... element). Certain transformations (start-rotating, stop-rotating, start-translation, stop-translation) are changes to the dynamic behavior of the system under simulation. For example, rotate changes the initial orientation of an element, but in contrast startrotating sets an element in motion. The ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... The era of Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel had “profound physiological implications” for the study of cortical processing (see Kandel, 2014). Hubel and Wiesel (1959) characterized the response properties of visual cortical neurons in columns: V1 neurons respond to their selective stimulus (e.g., a lin ...
... The era of Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel had “profound physiological implications” for the study of cortical processing (see Kandel, 2014). Hubel and Wiesel (1959) characterized the response properties of visual cortical neurons in columns: V1 neurons respond to their selective stimulus (e.g., a lin ...
Visual Memory and Visual Perception Recruit
... NOTE: To the left, the lateral view of a representative participant’s left hemisphere gray-white matter segmentation is shown. To the right, the inferior view of same hemisphere is shown. Gyri are shown in light gray, and sulci are shown in dark gray, with those of interest labeled in white. (A) Mod ...
... NOTE: To the left, the lateral view of a representative participant’s left hemisphere gray-white matter segmentation is shown. To the right, the inferior view of same hemisphere is shown. Gyri are shown in light gray, and sulci are shown in dark gray, with those of interest labeled in white. (A) Mod ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can support this response. These neurons typically could not be driven by small spots presented on the tangent screen (at 57 cm). 5. ...
... very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can support this response. These neurons typically could not be driven by small spots presented on the tangent screen (at 57 cm). 5. ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... incoming visual information is prioritized based on salience and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of t ...
... incoming visual information is prioritized based on salience and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of t ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... On the one hand, nowadays almost everyone believes that the visual system is a distinct input-module of the mind. But it has been frequently argued that visual mental imagery, a purely mental process, involves the resources of the visual module for the purposes of thinking and reasoning. Regardless ...
... On the one hand, nowadays almost everyone believes that the visual system is a distinct input-module of the mind. But it has been frequently argued that visual mental imagery, a purely mental process, involves the resources of the visual module for the purposes of thinking and reasoning. Regardless ...
Task demands determine the specificity of the search template Mary
... facilitated search when the target image was identical to the image that had been associated with the name, but the name cue did not facilitate search when the target was a different image from the same species. Given the visual similarity of fish within a species, this result indicated that observe ...
... facilitated search when the target image was identical to the image that had been associated with the name, but the name cue did not facilitate search when the target was a different image from the same species. Given the visual similarity of fish within a species, this result indicated that observe ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
Neuronal Selectivities to Complex Object
... the pathway. Although a functional dissociation between posterior IT and anterior IT was suggested on the basis of lesion studies (Iwai and Mishkin 1968), this concept has not been further developed, probably because of the lack of related data at the cellular level. As a step towards this goal, we ...
... the pathway. Although a functional dissociation between posterior IT and anterior IT was suggested on the basis of lesion studies (Iwai and Mishkin 1968), this concept has not been further developed, probably because of the lack of related data at the cellular level. As a step towards this goal, we ...
Functional architecture in monkey inferotemporal cortex revealed by
... the ventral visual cortical pathway, optical imaging based on intrinsic signals was carried out. We first conducted single-cell recordings with microelectrodes and determined the features critical for the activation of single cells. For the subsequent optical imaging, each critical feature was prese ...
... the ventral visual cortical pathway, optical imaging based on intrinsic signals was carried out. We first conducted single-cell recordings with microelectrodes and determined the features critical for the activation of single cells. For the subsequent optical imaging, each critical feature was prese ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... VIP16. VIP neurons respond to visual, somatosensory, auditory and vestibular stimuli3,17–20. In a study designed to investigate the reference frame used to represent visual space, it was found that, contrary to most visual areas, VIP contains neurons with head-centered and partially shifting visual ...
... VIP16. VIP neurons respond to visual, somatosensory, auditory and vestibular stimuli3,17–20. In a study designed to investigate the reference frame used to represent visual space, it was found that, contrary to most visual areas, VIP contains neurons with head-centered and partially shifting visual ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... reporting the observed items. Usually in these experiments the target is defined on the basis of its features, such as the colour or the shape. Subjects’ response is very fast and accurate when the target is defined by a unique feature, producing the so-called ‘pop-out’ effect [5], otherwise the tim ...
... reporting the observed items. Usually in these experiments the target is defined on the basis of its features, such as the colour or the shape. Subjects’ response is very fast and accurate when the target is defined by a unique feature, producing the so-called ‘pop-out’ effect [5], otherwise the tim ...
Extended PDF
... auditory areas. Only higher parietal cortices (IPS0–IPS4) were governed by the classical reliability-driven reweighting with more weight being given to the auditory signal when the visual signal was unreliable. Whereas IPS0–4 mainly represented the location of the visual signal for high visual relia ...
... auditory areas. Only higher parietal cortices (IPS0–IPS4) were governed by the classical reliability-driven reweighting with more weight being given to the auditory signal when the visual signal was unreliable. Whereas IPS0–4 mainly represented the location of the visual signal for high visual relia ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... ision requires eye movements. Small eye movements are essential for maintaining the contrast of objects that we are examining. Without these movements the perception of an object rapidly fades to a field of gray, a phenomenon correlated with the decreased response of neurons in area V1 (see Chapter ...
... ision requires eye movements. Small eye movements are essential for maintaining the contrast of objects that we are examining. Without these movements the perception of an object rapidly fades to a field of gray, a phenomenon correlated with the decreased response of neurons in area V1 (see Chapter ...
Neuronal activity in human primary visual cortex correlates with
... each stimulus presentation was determined by randomly sampling from the distribution of durations reported (via the subject’s button presses) during the rivalry scans. To maintain attention and engage the same motor responses, subjects again pressed buttons to indicate which grating was visible. Bec ...
... each stimulus presentation was determined by randomly sampling from the distribution of durations reported (via the subject’s button presses) during the rivalry scans. To maintain attention and engage the same motor responses, subjects again pressed buttons to indicate which grating was visible. Bec ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
P200
In neuroscience, the visual P200 or P2 is a waveform component or feature of the event-related potential (ERP) measured at the human scalp. Like other potential changes measurable from the scalp, this effect is believed to reflect the post-synaptic activity of a specific neural process. The P2 component, also known as the P200, is so named because it is a positive going electrical potential that peaks at about 200 milliseconds (varying between about 150 and 275 ms) after the onset of some external stimulus . The distribution of this component in the brain, as measured by electrodes placed across the scalp, is located around the centro-frontal and the parieto-occipital region. It is generally found to be maximal around the vertex (frontal region) of the scalp, however there have been some topographical differences noted in ERP studies of the P2 in different experimental conditions.Research on the visual P2 is at an early stage compared to other more established ERP components and there is much that we still do not know about it. Part of the difficulty of clearly characterizing this component is that it appears to be modulated by a large and diverse number of cognitive tasks. Functionally, there seems to be partial agreement amongst researchers in the field of cognitive neuroscience that the P2 represents some aspect of higher-order perceptual processing, modulated by attention. It is known that the P2 is typically elicited as part of the normal response to visual stimuli and has been studied in relation to visual search and attention, language context information, and memory and repetition effects. The amplitude of the peak of the waveform may be modulated by many different aspects of visual stimuli, which allow it to be used for studies of visual cognition and disease. In general, the P2 may be a part of cognitive matching system that compares sensory inputs with stored memory.