Proteus: Visual Analogy in Problem Solving
... work is to build a unified theory of visual analogy that not only addresses all major subtasks of analogy, but also uses a uniform knowledge representation for all the subtasks. Also as illustrated by ANALOGY and Letter Spirit, visual analogy refers to analogy based only on the appearance of a situa ...
... work is to build a unified theory of visual analogy that not only addresses all major subtasks of analogy, but also uses a uniform knowledge representation for all the subtasks. Also as illustrated by ANALOGY and Letter Spirit, visual analogy refers to analogy based only on the appearance of a situa ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... either the right or the left visual field and participants were required to indicate whether or not the circle surrounded a point previously occupied by a dot. The perceptual task was similar except that the dot patterns remained on the screen while the circle was presented. Reaction times and error ...
... either the right or the left visual field and participants were required to indicate whether or not the circle surrounded a point previously occupied by a dot. The perceptual task was similar except that the dot patterns remained on the screen while the circle was presented. Reaction times and error ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... In principle, the visual system could adjust to recent sensory input independently at each processing stage or perhaps whenever a large number of presynaptic signals are pooled (Baccus and Meister 2004). Alternatively, it could implement effects early in the processing stream and pass this altered r ...
... In principle, the visual system could adjust to recent sensory input independently at each processing stage or perhaps whenever a large number of presynaptic signals are pooled (Baccus and Meister 2004). Alternatively, it could implement effects early in the processing stream and pass this altered r ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... be that MT is concerned only with restricted aspects of visual motion. It is known that many neurons in macaque VI are direction selective (14, 46), and the only conspicuous difference between this population and neurons in MT is the larger receptive fields of the latter. However, it may simply be t ...
... be that MT is concerned only with restricted aspects of visual motion. It is known that many neurons in macaque VI are direction selective (14, 46), and the only conspicuous difference between this population and neurons in MT is the larger receptive fields of the latter. However, it may simply be t ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... the onset latency was equal to or greater than the latency at higher intensities. A major part of the present study involved obtaining objective and accurate estimates of response onset latencies. The method is illustrated in Fig. 2B for an LFP. First, a “threshold” one standard error below the mean ...
... the onset latency was equal to or greater than the latency at higher intensities. A major part of the present study involved obtaining objective and accurate estimates of response onset latencies. The method is illustrated in Fig. 2B for an LFP. First, a “threshold” one standard error below the mean ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... onset of vision and the initial emergence of feature selectivity in visual cortical neurons. It is an attractive hypothesis that visual cortical architecture is shaped during this extended period of juvenile plasticity by the coordinated optimization of multiple visual cortical maps such as orientat ...
... onset of vision and the initial emergence of feature selectivity in visual cortical neurons. It is an attractive hypothesis that visual cortical architecture is shaped during this extended period of juvenile plasticity by the coordinated optimization of multiple visual cortical maps such as orientat ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... were smoothly morphed, that is, without sudden appearance or disappearance of any feature. They were 4.2 in diameter and had identical color, shading, and scale. Monkeys were trained (over the course of several months) to indicate (by releasing a lever) whether 2 successively presented stimuli (‘‘s ...
... were smoothly morphed, that is, without sudden appearance or disappearance of any feature. They were 4.2 in diameter and had identical color, shading, and scale. Monkeys were trained (over the course of several months) to indicate (by releasing a lever) whether 2 successively presented stimuli (‘‘s ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... considered to be adaptive because it reduces future interference. The effect of this proposed inhibition process on competing memories has, however, never been observed, as behavioral methods are ‘blind’ to retrieval dynamics and neuroimaging methods have not isolated retrieval of individual memorie ...
... considered to be adaptive because it reduces future interference. The effect of this proposed inhibition process on competing memories has, however, never been observed, as behavioral methods are ‘blind’ to retrieval dynamics and neuroimaging methods have not isolated retrieval of individual memorie ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena are poorly understood. We investigate the topography of the BS representation (BSR) in cortical area V1 of the capuchin monkey, using single and multiple electrodes. Receptive fields (RFs) of neu ...
... complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena are poorly understood. We investigate the topography of the BS representation (BSR) in cortical area V1 of the capuchin monkey, using single and multiple electrodes. Receptive fields (RFs) of neu ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
... pathway that subserves object perception, and a dorsal occipitoparietal pathway that subserves object localization and visually guided action. Accumulating evidence from both human and non-human primate studies, however, challenges this binary distinction and suggests that regions in the dorsal path ...
... pathway that subserves object perception, and a dorsal occipitoparietal pathway that subserves object localization and visually guided action. Accumulating evidence from both human and non-human primate studies, however, challenges this binary distinction and suggests that regions in the dorsal path ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... After several months of recording sessions which revealed the location of area V6 (see Galletti et al., 1999b), penetrations were made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syr ...
... After several months of recording sessions which revealed the location of area V6 (see Galletti et al., 1999b), penetrations were made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syr ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not cl ...
... studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not cl ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
Selective amplification of the S
... condition; however, this difference is perceptually very small being very close to the contrast increment detection threshold. These cone contrast values were set close to the maximum limit of the cone contrast gamut of the display device for the RG color direction as this is the color direction tha ...
... condition; however, this difference is perceptually very small being very close to the contrast increment detection threshold. These cone contrast values were set close to the maximum limit of the cone contrast gamut of the display device for the RG color direction as this is the color direction tha ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... closely into account and resolves the abovementioned challenge arising from observed inter-areal delays. In addition, systematic investigations of directed inter-areal influences as a function of frequency revealed that influences in the two directions predominate in distinct frequency bands (Bastos ...
... closely into account and resolves the abovementioned challenge arising from observed inter-areal delays. In addition, systematic investigations of directed inter-areal influences as a function of frequency revealed that influences in the two directions predominate in distinct frequency bands (Bastos ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... condition; however, this difference is perceptually very small being very close to the contrast increment detection threshold. These cone contrast values were set close to the maximum limit of the cone contrast gamut of the display device for the RG color direction as this is the color direction tha ...
... condition; however, this difference is perceptually very small being very close to the contrast increment detection threshold. These cone contrast values were set close to the maximum limit of the cone contrast gamut of the display device for the RG color direction as this is the color direction tha ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural
... activities, making a rich environment in terms of the user in the form itself, and thus in the space and etc. Perceptual/visual voids directly indicate two subheadings. These are the concepts of transparency and permeability. Although these concepts have been widely discussed on architectural buildi ...
... activities, making a rich environment in terms of the user in the form itself, and thus in the space and etc. Perceptual/visual voids directly indicate two subheadings. These are the concepts of transparency and permeability. Although these concepts have been widely discussed on architectural buildi ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... ordered blocks of object images (different from those used in the main experiment) and 8 blocks of scrambled images (Park et al., 2007; Grill-Spector et al., 1999). Scrambled images were created by dividing the object images into a 16 × 16 square grid and randomly shuffling the squares based on eccen ...
... ordered blocks of object images (different from those used in the main experiment) and 8 blocks of scrambled images (Park et al., 2007; Grill-Spector et al., 1999). Scrambled images were created by dividing the object images into a 16 × 16 square grid and randomly shuffling the squares based on eccen ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... Subcortical afferents could mediate mixing of the P and M channels, thereby eliminating the segregation that is suggested by patterns of cortical connectivity. Several observations argue against a segregation of P and M channel contributions in the extrastriate cortex. For example, physiological stu ...
... Subcortical afferents could mediate mixing of the P and M channels, thereby eliminating the segregation that is suggested by patterns of cortical connectivity. Several observations argue against a segregation of P and M channel contributions in the extrastriate cortex. For example, physiological stu ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... left and right eyes, respectively, are inhibited before the pulling recti starts to rotate the eyes. LLBNs in the midbrain receive projections from the superior colliculus (SC) and project to OPNs, IBNs and EBNs. The LLBNs start firing about 40 ms before the saccade begins. At the end of the saccade ...
... left and right eyes, respectively, are inhibited before the pulling recti starts to rotate the eyes. LLBNs in the midbrain receive projections from the superior colliculus (SC) and project to OPNs, IBNs and EBNs. The LLBNs start firing about 40 ms before the saccade begins. At the end of the saccade ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... location of the target in two simultaneously recorded cortical signals: local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes. LFPs are thought to represent synaptic input, while spiking activity is the output, of the area around the electrode tip. We found that spatial selectivity identifying the location of th ...
... location of the target in two simultaneously recorded cortical signals: local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes. LFPs are thought to represent synaptic input, while spiking activity is the output, of the area around the electrode tip. We found that spatial selectivity identifying the location of th ...
P200
In neuroscience, the visual P200 or P2 is a waveform component or feature of the event-related potential (ERP) measured at the human scalp. Like other potential changes measurable from the scalp, this effect is believed to reflect the post-synaptic activity of a specific neural process. The P2 component, also known as the P200, is so named because it is a positive going electrical potential that peaks at about 200 milliseconds (varying between about 150 and 275 ms) after the onset of some external stimulus . The distribution of this component in the brain, as measured by electrodes placed across the scalp, is located around the centro-frontal and the parieto-occipital region. It is generally found to be maximal around the vertex (frontal region) of the scalp, however there have been some topographical differences noted in ERP studies of the P2 in different experimental conditions.Research on the visual P2 is at an early stage compared to other more established ERP components and there is much that we still do not know about it. Part of the difficulty of clearly characterizing this component is that it appears to be modulated by a large and diverse number of cognitive tasks. Functionally, there seems to be partial agreement amongst researchers in the field of cognitive neuroscience that the P2 represents some aspect of higher-order perceptual processing, modulated by attention. It is known that the P2 is typically elicited as part of the normal response to visual stimuli and has been studied in relation to visual search and attention, language context information, and memory and repetition effects. The amplitude of the peak of the waveform may be modulated by many different aspects of visual stimuli, which allow it to be used for studies of visual cognition and disease. In general, the P2 may be a part of cognitive matching system that compares sensory inputs with stored memory.