Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... mechanisms are believed to underlie the selection of salient stimuli and those having sought-after features (e.g. stimuli the same color as the target). This is possibly mediated through synchronous activity(Bichot et al., 2005). In contrast, serial mechanisms may underlie the focusing of an attenti ...
... mechanisms are believed to underlie the selection of salient stimuli and those having sought-after features (e.g. stimuli the same color as the target). This is possibly mediated through synchronous activity(Bichot et al., 2005). In contrast, serial mechanisms may underlie the focusing of an attenti ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... as fundamental, necessary and unprovable. And second, there were several of them, including such concepts as identity, similarity, difference, directionality and dimensionality, with the result that many different sensory and perceptual characteristics could be used to infer properties of the unobse ...
... as fundamental, necessary and unprovable. And second, there were several of them, including such concepts as identity, similarity, difference, directionality and dimensionality, with the result that many different sensory and perceptual characteristics could be used to infer properties of the unobse ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... next (Van Essen et al., 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1987). This is compounded by substantial variability in the exact pattern of convolutions and in the location of areal boundaries relative to gyral and sulcal landmarks A compelling case for areal identification entails finding region-specific c ...
... next (Van Essen et al., 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1987). This is compounded by substantial variability in the exact pattern of convolutions and in the location of areal boundaries relative to gyral and sulcal landmarks A compelling case for areal identification entails finding region-specific c ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... feedforward—circuitry. Here we review evidence suggesting that contextual modulation can do more, and actually creates neural selectivity for new and complex visual features. There is almost universal agreement that this occurs in the retina, where contextual modulation—implemented through lateral i ...
... feedforward—circuitry. Here we review evidence suggesting that contextual modulation can do more, and actually creates neural selectivity for new and complex visual features. There is almost universal agreement that this occurs in the retina, where contextual modulation—implemented through lateral i ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
... parallax, vergence eye movement cues, accommodation, and optic flow (Heesy, 2009). Heesy (2009) proposed that large binocular visual fields, give at least three unique potential visual advantages: enhanced light sensitivity, expanded stereoscopic depth perception, and contrast discrimination. The la ...
... parallax, vergence eye movement cues, accommodation, and optic flow (Heesy, 2009). Heesy (2009) proposed that large binocular visual fields, give at least three unique potential visual advantages: enhanced light sensitivity, expanded stereoscopic depth perception, and contrast discrimination. The la ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... feedback. Whereas the intrinsic connections link similarly oriented domains in V1, V2 to V1 feedback displays no such specificity. These findings suggest that V1 intrinsic horizontal connections provide a more likely substrate for contour integration. Introduction Neurons in V1 analyze not just the ...
... feedback. Whereas the intrinsic connections link similarly oriented domains in V1, V2 to V1 feedback displays no such specificity. These findings suggest that V1 intrinsic horizontal connections provide a more likely substrate for contour integration. Introduction Neurons in V1 analyze not just the ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... 2008; Oliveri et al., 1999). However, little is known about whether lesion-induced changes in hemispheric balance affect other higher-order representational systems, such as lexico-semantic and numerical memory. That is, behavioral studies with normal people have shown that the two hemispheres each ...
... 2008; Oliveri et al., 1999). However, little is known about whether lesion-induced changes in hemispheric balance affect other higher-order representational systems, such as lexico-semantic and numerical memory. That is, behavioral studies with normal people have shown that the two hemispheres each ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... has been well studied in the fovea,[Julesz, 1971 #8; Bruce, 1975 #12; Corballis, 1974 #24; Barlow, 1979 #1; Jenkins, 1982 #16] where it can be discriminated from noise for presentations less than 100 msec.[Barlow, 1979 #1; Carmody, 1977 #13; Tyler, 1995 #38] The rapidity of this processing suggests ...
... has been well studied in the fovea,[Julesz, 1971 #8; Bruce, 1975 #12; Corballis, 1974 #24; Barlow, 1979 #1; Jenkins, 1982 #16] where it can be discriminated from noise for presentations less than 100 msec.[Barlow, 1979 #1; Carmody, 1977 #13; Tyler, 1995 #38] The rapidity of this processing suggests ...
Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvian region, groups of patches of neurons progressed in a rostrocaudal sequence that corresponded to the o ...
... reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvian region, groups of patches of neurons progressed in a rostrocaudal sequence that corresponded to the o ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... acuity equal to that of vertebrates; however, the underlying neural mechanisms and coding schemes are only partially understood. In this study, we analyze the response characteristics of the peripheral auditory system of grasshoppers with special emphasis on the representation of species-specific co ...
... acuity equal to that of vertebrates; however, the underlying neural mechanisms and coding schemes are only partially understood. In this study, we analyze the response characteristics of the peripheral auditory system of grasshoppers with special emphasis on the representation of species-specific co ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... the electrical activity of neurons in the visual cortex [18, 19] (Figure 1). The activity of the occipital cortex is modulated ...
... the electrical activity of neurons in the visual cortex [18, 19] (Figure 1). The activity of the occipital cortex is modulated ...
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of
... from left-to-right (or right-to-left) if an auditory or tactile stimulus is presented on the left (or right, respectively) just before the line itself is presented.3 However, these studies of the line-motion illusion, as well as the other studies discussed so far, are only marginally informative wit ...
... from left-to-right (or right-to-left) if an auditory or tactile stimulus is presented on the left (or right, respectively) just before the line itself is presented.3 However, these studies of the line-motion illusion, as well as the other studies discussed so far, are only marginally informative wit ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... for all stimulus features: colour, shape, location, etc. This process of feature selection suggests that subjects utilize top–down information (from the feature-based or object memory template) independently of stimulus location in space. The attentional theory of Duncan and Humphreys (1989) propose ...
... for all stimulus features: colour, shape, location, etc. This process of feature selection suggests that subjects utilize top–down information (from the feature-based or object memory template) independently of stimulus location in space. The attentional theory of Duncan and Humphreys (1989) propose ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... The vertebrate brain exhibits intricate functional organization at many different spatial scales, from cortical microcolumns dedicated to processing specific receptive field properties, to large domains such as somatotopic maps. It is thought that this organization of neurons according to shared fun ...
... The vertebrate brain exhibits intricate functional organization at many different spatial scales, from cortical microcolumns dedicated to processing specific receptive field properties, to large domains such as somatotopic maps. It is thought that this organization of neurons according to shared fun ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... receptive fields are opponently organized; the preferred directions point either inward toward or outward away from the central line of gaze along the 4 meridians tested, which were equally spaced in the circular dimension of the visual field. The mechanism of the axis directionality of PVNs was stu ...
... receptive fields are opponently organized; the preferred directions point either inward toward or outward away from the central line of gaze along the 4 meridians tested, which were equally spaced in the circular dimension of the visual field. The mechanism of the axis directionality of PVNs was stu ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... Contrary to this notion that vestibular stimulation should be fast the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation has been found to be slow. Barnett-Cowan and Harris (2009) measured the difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were si ...
... Contrary to this notion that vestibular stimulation should be fast the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation has been found to be slow. Barnett-Cowan and Harris (2009) measured the difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were si ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and expanded until covering the entire screen (77° width, 62 ...
... consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and expanded until covering the entire screen (77° width, 62 ...
Self-images in the video monitor coded by monkey intraparietal
... neurons also represent mental (or introspective) processes to create and sustain ‘subjective’ body-image in the brain, not only when it is visible but also when it is invisible and creating such an image only in the brain. Thus, among other brain areas which contain neurons representing similar bimo ...
... neurons also represent mental (or introspective) processes to create and sustain ‘subjective’ body-image in the brain, not only when it is visible but also when it is invisible and creating such an image only in the brain. Thus, among other brain areas which contain neurons representing similar bimo ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... obstacle to its interpretation as the result of a primary discharge. It is interesting to compare, for a given subject, the psychophysical threshold with the click intensity at which a physiological respon ...
... obstacle to its interpretation as the result of a primary discharge. It is interesting to compare, for a given subject, the psychophysical threshold with the click intensity at which a physiological respon ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... Some of these neurons responded to all novel stimuli, and others to only a subset (e.g., to novel faces). The neurons have no responses to familiar reward- or punishment-associated visual stimuli, nor to taste, olfactory or somatosensory inputs. The responses of the neurons typically habituated with ...
... Some of these neurons responded to all novel stimuli, and others to only a subset (e.g., to novel faces). The neurons have no responses to familiar reward- or punishment-associated visual stimuli, nor to taste, olfactory or somatosensory inputs. The responses of the neurons typically habituated with ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... wire with impedances between 1 and 3 M⍀ (measured at 1 kHz). The stainless-steel chamber was used as the reference. Signals were amplified, filtered (1–5000 Hz), and acquired at a 20.2 kHz sampling rate. Electrodes were lowered until multiunit cortical responses could be driven by auditory stimuli. ...
... wire with impedances between 1 and 3 M⍀ (measured at 1 kHz). The stainless-steel chamber was used as the reference. Signals were amplified, filtered (1–5000 Hz), and acquired at a 20.2 kHz sampling rate. Electrodes were lowered until multiunit cortical responses could be driven by auditory stimuli. ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... demonstrated that attention increases neural activity for attended, relative to ignored, stimuli. Fixed stimulus contrasts, however, were typically used in these studies, so that the results are equivocal for evaluating the three hypotheses. Only rarely have the effects of attention on contrast-resp ...
... demonstrated that attention increases neural activity for attended, relative to ignored, stimuli. Fixed stimulus contrasts, however, were typically used in these studies, so that the results are equivocal for evaluating the three hypotheses. Only rarely have the effects of attention on contrast-resp ...
Words and pictures in the left fusiform gyrus
... An area in the left fusiform gyrus labelled the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is claimed to be especially, or even selectively, responsive to words. We explored how stimulus type and task demands affect activity in this area by conducting a PET experiment where words and pictures were presented in tw ...
... An area in the left fusiform gyrus labelled the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is claimed to be especially, or even selectively, responsive to words. We explored how stimulus type and task demands affect activity in this area by conducting a PET experiment where words and pictures were presented in tw ...
P200
In neuroscience, the visual P200 or P2 is a waveform component or feature of the event-related potential (ERP) measured at the human scalp. Like other potential changes measurable from the scalp, this effect is believed to reflect the post-synaptic activity of a specific neural process. The P2 component, also known as the P200, is so named because it is a positive going electrical potential that peaks at about 200 milliseconds (varying between about 150 and 275 ms) after the onset of some external stimulus . The distribution of this component in the brain, as measured by electrodes placed across the scalp, is located around the centro-frontal and the parieto-occipital region. It is generally found to be maximal around the vertex (frontal region) of the scalp, however there have been some topographical differences noted in ERP studies of the P2 in different experimental conditions.Research on the visual P2 is at an early stage compared to other more established ERP components and there is much that we still do not know about it. Part of the difficulty of clearly characterizing this component is that it appears to be modulated by a large and diverse number of cognitive tasks. Functionally, there seems to be partial agreement amongst researchers in the field of cognitive neuroscience that the P2 represents some aspect of higher-order perceptual processing, modulated by attention. It is known that the P2 is typically elicited as part of the normal response to visual stimuli and has been studied in relation to visual search and attention, language context information, and memory and repetition effects. The amplitude of the peak of the waveform may be modulated by many different aspects of visual stimuli, which allow it to be used for studies of visual cognition and disease. In general, the P2 may be a part of cognitive matching system that compares sensory inputs with stored memory.