High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons in the inferior temporal cortex of monkeys performing a visual categorization task, we thoroug ...
... suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons in the inferior temporal cortex of monkeys performing a visual categorization task, we thoroug ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., 1995). We have learned much about AP-1 induction in ...
... composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., 1995). We have learned much about AP-1 induction in ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... of signaling relative contrast rather than local luminance. Center–surround interactions are also observed in the responses of cortical cells, for which it is possible to define a discharge center or receptive field, and a surround that is usually silent, 3 but can suppress or facilitate the center re ...
... of signaling relative contrast rather than local luminance. Center–surround interactions are also observed in the responses of cortical cells, for which it is possible to define a discharge center or receptive field, and a surround that is usually silent, 3 but can suppress or facilitate the center re ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... covariance or functional connectivity patterns were identified. The first pattern mainly reflected similarities between groups, with strong interrelations between the subcortical auditory system and the thalamocortical visual system, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and midline thalamus. This pat ...
... covariance or functional connectivity patterns were identified. The first pattern mainly reflected similarities between groups, with strong interrelations between the subcortical auditory system and the thalamocortical visual system, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and midline thalamus. This pat ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... area LIP, we note that Ben Hamed et al. (2001) mapped the location selectivity of LIP neurons with well-defined visual responses (regardless of the presence of delay period or eye movement-related activity) and reported that 11.7% of their 171 LIP neurons had the center of mass of their radio freque ...
... area LIP, we note that Ben Hamed et al. (2001) mapped the location selectivity of LIP neurons with well-defined visual responses (regardless of the presence of delay period or eye movement-related activity) and reported that 11.7% of their 171 LIP neurons had the center of mass of their radio freque ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... 1. A supervised learning procedure was applied to individual cat area 17 neurons to test the possible role of neuronal co-activity in controlling the plasticity of the spatial ‘on—off’ organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fi ...
... 1. A supervised learning procedure was applied to individual cat area 17 neurons to test the possible role of neuronal co-activity in controlling the plasticity of the spatial ‘on—off’ organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fi ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... estimate the eccentricity of receptive fields. Recordings were made in three different components of the visual system: striate cortex, LGN, and optic tract. For the cortical recordings, a 2 3 2 mm craniotomy was made above the central visual field representation of striate cortex, and a small porti ...
... estimate the eccentricity of receptive fields. Recordings were made in three different components of the visual system: striate cortex, LGN, and optic tract. For the cortical recordings, a 2 3 2 mm craniotomy was made above the central visual field representation of striate cortex, and a small porti ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... inflections that appear to the eye as "peaks" and "troughs", but which are usually all referred to as "peaks", since the voltage polarity (negative or positive) is explicitly taken into account. While such peaks are themselves often called "components", it should be understood that the notion of a c ...
... inflections that appear to the eye as "peaks" and "troughs", but which are usually all referred to as "peaks", since the voltage polarity (negative or positive) is explicitly taken into account. While such peaks are themselves often called "components", it should be understood that the notion of a c ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional w ...
... an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional w ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... can conclude that the neurons in this region do not participate in the processing of this stimulus property. If, however, there is recovery from adaptation (as evidenced by a rise in the BOLD signal), then one can conclude that neurons in this region do play a role in the processing of that stimulus ...
... can conclude that the neurons in this region do not participate in the processing of this stimulus property. If, however, there is recovery from adaptation (as evidenced by a rise in the BOLD signal), then one can conclude that neurons in this region do play a role in the processing of that stimulus ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... resulting time series were averaged across the gray matter that corresponded to the V1 (likewise V2 or V3) representation of the target annulus (see below for how we defined these gray matter regions). We then fit a sine wave to the mean time series, the frequency of which was determined by the bloc ...
... resulting time series were averaged across the gray matter that corresponded to the V1 (likewise V2 or V3) representation of the target annulus (see below for how we defined these gray matter regions). We then fit a sine wave to the mean time series, the frequency of which was determined by the bloc ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... respect to those in the ventral one. In addition, it was reported that the dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area ...
... respect to those in the ventral one. In addition, it was reported that the dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... In humans, auditory neuroplasticity has also been studied using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and other neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI. Secondary plasticity is induced when stimulation is reintroduced to the auditory system after damage, for example when sound or electrical stimuli are int ...
... In humans, auditory neuroplasticity has also been studied using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and other neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI. Secondary plasticity is induced when stimulation is reintroduced to the auditory system after damage, for example when sound or electrical stimuli are int ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... of the OKN responses as seen on recordings made at a slow chart speed (such as Fig. 2). Both procedures minimize the difficulties presented by the fact that the instantaneous eye velocity varies over the course of each nystagmic beat, particularly during OKN in non-horizontal directions. For each ve ...
... of the OKN responses as seen on recordings made at a slow chart speed (such as Fig. 2). Both procedures minimize the difficulties presented by the fact that the instantaneous eye velocity varies over the course of each nystagmic beat, particularly during OKN in non-horizontal directions. For each ve ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of TMS required for phosphene induction when the imagined stimul ...
... threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of TMS required for phosphene induction when the imagined stimul ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... Extracellular recordings were conducted after the final optical imaging session. Recording sites were determined using the cortical blood vessel patterns as a reference, and glass-coated platinum-iridium microelectrodes (1–2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) were placed using a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95, Narishige, To ...
... Extracellular recordings were conducted after the final optical imaging session. Recording sites were determined using the cortical blood vessel patterns as a reference, and glass-coated platinum-iridium microelectrodes (1–2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) were placed using a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95, Narishige, To ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
The Timing of Response Onset and Offset in Macaque
... parvocellular layers at eccentricities ranging from 1 to 23°. MT cells were recorded at eccentricities ranging from 2 to 33° but typically between 3 and 12°. For each cell whose action potential waveform was well isolated from the noise, we ran stimuli as described below. V isual stimuli. Visual sti ...
... parvocellular layers at eccentricities ranging from 1 to 23°. MT cells were recorded at eccentricities ranging from 2 to 33° but typically between 3 and 12°. For each cell whose action potential waveform was well isolated from the noise, we ran stimuli as described below. V isual stimuli. Visual sti ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... shift which normally takes place under these conditions. Glutamate probably disrupts normal cortical activity, either by direct excitatory action on cortical neurons or as a consequence of neurotoxic effects, and thus blocks plasticity. Therefore, normal postsynaptic activity seems to be an importan ...
... shift which normally takes place under these conditions. Glutamate probably disrupts normal cortical activity, either by direct excitatory action on cortical neurons or as a consequence of neurotoxic effects, and thus blocks plasticity. Therefore, normal postsynaptic activity seems to be an importan ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
Neural underpinnings of superior action
... Visual and motor coding of sport actions To dissociate the role of visual and motor action representations in experts’ action perception, in the present study we investigated whether the suppression of visual and motor areas in experts had different detrimental effects with respect to novices. We a ...
... Visual and motor coding of sport actions To dissociate the role of visual and motor action representations in experts’ action perception, in the present study we investigated whether the suppression of visual and motor areas in experts had different detrimental effects with respect to novices. We a ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... effective interactions supported by these structures. Nevertheless, the findings reviewed here suggest specific structural and effective network properties that are relevant to visual analysis ...
... effective interactions supported by these structures. Nevertheless, the findings reviewed here suggest specific structural and effective network properties that are relevant to visual analysis ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... auditory cortex, causing these structures to acquire, through development, a new function that can be used to detect visual stimuli. It remains unknown, however, whether or not novel inputs to existing pathways and structures can also induce, in adulthood, functional plasticity capable of mediating ...
... auditory cortex, causing these structures to acquire, through development, a new function that can be used to detect visual stimuli. It remains unknown, however, whether or not novel inputs to existing pathways and structures can also induce, in adulthood, functional plasticity capable of mediating ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... from single-unit studies that individual neurons are preferentially sensitive to a small set of stimulus features and that neuronal sensitivity to these features varies across the cortical sheet within a visual area (Hubel and Wiesel 1962). Over the last 20 years, optical imaging has allowed the act ...
... from single-unit studies that individual neurons are preferentially sensitive to a small set of stimulus features and that neuronal sensitivity to these features varies across the cortical sheet within a visual area (Hubel and Wiesel 1962). Over the last 20 years, optical imaging has allowed the act ...
P200
In neuroscience, the visual P200 or P2 is a waveform component or feature of the event-related potential (ERP) measured at the human scalp. Like other potential changes measurable from the scalp, this effect is believed to reflect the post-synaptic activity of a specific neural process. The P2 component, also known as the P200, is so named because it is a positive going electrical potential that peaks at about 200 milliseconds (varying between about 150 and 275 ms) after the onset of some external stimulus . The distribution of this component in the brain, as measured by electrodes placed across the scalp, is located around the centro-frontal and the parieto-occipital region. It is generally found to be maximal around the vertex (frontal region) of the scalp, however there have been some topographical differences noted in ERP studies of the P2 in different experimental conditions.Research on the visual P2 is at an early stage compared to other more established ERP components and there is much that we still do not know about it. Part of the difficulty of clearly characterizing this component is that it appears to be modulated by a large and diverse number of cognitive tasks. Functionally, there seems to be partial agreement amongst researchers in the field of cognitive neuroscience that the P2 represents some aspect of higher-order perceptual processing, modulated by attention. It is known that the P2 is typically elicited as part of the normal response to visual stimuli and has been studied in relation to visual search and attention, language context information, and memory and repetition effects. The amplitude of the peak of the waveform may be modulated by many different aspects of visual stimuli, which allow it to be used for studies of visual cognition and disease. In general, the P2 may be a part of cognitive matching system that compares sensory inputs with stored memory.