Africa`s Growth Tragedy Revisited: Weak States, Strong Rulers* Carl
... democracies.54 This is arguably true. Clientilism is likely persistent because of several reasons,55 and is generally detrimental to the economy.56 However, even if clientilism is relatively persistent, it is not necessarily constant, and, perhaps more importantly, clientilism’s economic effects may ...
... democracies.54 This is arguably true. Clientilism is likely persistent because of several reasons,55 and is generally detrimental to the economy.56 However, even if clientilism is relatively persistent, it is not necessarily constant, and, perhaps more importantly, clientilism’s economic effects may ...
Word version - Independent Working Class Association
... the commercial, industrial and financial institutions under democratic control [italics added]2. This passage was selected, first because it is articulate and pithy; and second because aside from Chomsky there are very few current major thinkers who think in these terms (Robert Dahl and Robin Archer ...
... the commercial, industrial and financial institutions under democratic control [italics added]2. This passage was selected, first because it is articulate and pithy; and second because aside from Chomsky there are very few current major thinkers who think in these terms (Robert Dahl and Robin Archer ...
Partisan Cycles in Offshore Outsourcing: Evidence from U.S. Imports
... We propose that partisan governments abroad influence firms’ global integration decisions and the content of trade flows. Since distributive concerns motivate partisan governments to pursue policies that expand economic activity for core constituents (Quinn and Inclan, 1997; Rogowski, 1989; Hiscox, ...
... We propose that partisan governments abroad influence firms’ global integration decisions and the content of trade flows. Since distributive concerns motivate partisan governments to pursue policies that expand economic activity for core constituents (Quinn and Inclan, 1997; Rogowski, 1989; Hiscox, ...
Environmental Economics: A Market Failure Approach to the
... economic terms. It translates this understanding into a doctrinal context, suggesting that environmental regulation is economic in nature because it changes commercial actors’ economic calculations by requiring them to internalize the environmental externalities of their decisions. I present doctrin ...
... economic terms. It translates this understanding into a doctrinal context, suggesting that environmental regulation is economic in nature because it changes commercial actors’ economic calculations by requiring them to internalize the environmental externalities of their decisions. I present doctrin ...
CGC 1P1- 8.6 Global Connections
... • Involves individuals and companies doing business all over the world • Canada is a major trading nation • No country in the world exports more of the goods and services it produces than Canada Powerpoint Templates ...
... • Involves individuals and companies doing business all over the world • Canada is a major trading nation • No country in the world exports more of the goods and services it produces than Canada Powerpoint Templates ...
Culture and Economic Success: Is Collectivism Incompatible with
... This leads to the subordination of individual goals to the goals of a collective (Triandis et al., 1985; Triandis, 1989), and sharp differentiation between ingroups and outgroups. The ingroup is accepted as trustworthy, and collectivists are willing to sacrifice their selfinterest to be a part of th ...
... This leads to the subordination of individual goals to the goals of a collective (Triandis et al., 1985; Triandis, 1989), and sharp differentiation between ingroups and outgroups. The ingroup is accepted as trustworthy, and collectivists are willing to sacrifice their selfinterest to be a part of th ...
Why the Move to Free Trade? Democracy and Trade Policy in the
... part of the voting public; as we show later, these new groups benefited more from trade liberalization than continued high protectionism. Needing the support of these new groups in a democratic setting, leaders saw their ability to use trade barriers as a strategy for garnering political support ha ...
... part of the voting public; as we show later, these new groups benefited more from trade liberalization than continued high protectionism. Needing the support of these new groups in a democratic setting, leaders saw their ability to use trade barriers as a strategy for garnering political support ha ...
Relationship between Poverty and Inequality
... the vertical and horizontal segregation of the labour market, and inadequate care support, means that women, ceteris paribus, earn less than men on average, and are hence economically unequal to them, it is clear that not all women are in poverty. The defining characteristics of the poor in advanced ...
... the vertical and horizontal segregation of the labour market, and inadequate care support, means that women, ceteris paribus, earn less than men on average, and are hence economically unequal to them, it is clear that not all women are in poverty. The defining characteristics of the poor in advanced ...
Leviathan`s New Clothes: Theory and Evidence for the Varieties of
... of providing public services (such as courts, the police, Social Security, or National Health Services), which often do not have a corporate form and depend directly on orders from government officials. In the Leviathan as a majority investor model, the government usually exercises control of SOEs ...
... of providing public services (such as courts, the police, Social Security, or National Health Services), which often do not have a corporate form and depend directly on orders from government officials. In the Leviathan as a majority investor model, the government usually exercises control of SOEs ...
What is Shock Therapy? What Did it Do in Poland and Russia?
... 1992. Ish?w that, as in Poland, shock therapy failed in its primary objective of producing asequence of top-down policy changes that neutralizes and by-passes the existing political and social forces dominant in economic matt~rs. In both cases, society vanquished the shock therapists. But in Russia, ...
... 1992. Ish?w that, as in Poland, shock therapy failed in its primary objective of producing asequence of top-down policy changes that neutralizes and by-passes the existing political and social forces dominant in economic matt~rs. In both cases, society vanquished the shock therapists. But in Russia, ...
Consumption Kritik - HS Impact
... “energy futures” that imagine the pleasing consequences of new energy sources and devices. 4 One stream of euphoria has sprung from advocates of conventional energy, perhaps best represented by the unflappable optimists of nuclear power 12 Transforming Power who, early on, promised to invent a “magi ...
... “energy futures” that imagine the pleasing consequences of new energy sources and devices. 4 One stream of euphoria has sprung from advocates of conventional energy, perhaps best represented by the unflappable optimists of nuclear power 12 Transforming Power who, early on, promised to invent a “magi ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... of providing public services (such as courts, the police, Social Security, or National Health Services), which often do not have a corporate form and depend directly on orders from government officials. In the Leviathan as a majority investor model, the government usually exercises control of SOEs ...
... of providing public services (such as courts, the police, Social Security, or National Health Services), which often do not have a corporate form and depend directly on orders from government officials. In the Leviathan as a majority investor model, the government usually exercises control of SOEs ...
Social Studies Assessments
... 5.2.1 European Exploration/Conquest and Columbian Exchange – Analyze the demographic, environmental, and political consequences of European oceanic travel and conquest and of the Columbian Exchange in the late 15th and 16th centuries by describing the geographic routes used in the exchange of plan ...
... 5.2.1 European Exploration/Conquest and Columbian Exchange – Analyze the demographic, environmental, and political consequences of European oceanic travel and conquest and of the Columbian Exchange in the late 15th and 16th centuries by describing the geographic routes used in the exchange of plan ...
The Political Economy of Right-wing Populism
... presents at first the theoretical assumptions of our explanation for the emergence of right-wing populism, as we consider Euroscepticism to be one manifestation of this phenomenon; in the second part we look at empirical evidence. I. The Rise of Right-Wing Populism In order to understand the phenome ...
... presents at first the theoretical assumptions of our explanation for the emergence of right-wing populism, as we consider Euroscepticism to be one manifestation of this phenomenon; in the second part we look at empirical evidence. I. The Rise of Right-Wing Populism In order to understand the phenome ...
The Anthropology of Money and Finance: Between Ethnography
... In his Philosophy of Money (1978 [1900]), Simmel attempted to make sense of the unequal monetary relations of his time within a neo-Kantian project aiming at a society of equal and independent individuals. Money allowed for individual expression of desires and thus for the social constitution of an ...
... In his Philosophy of Money (1978 [1900]), Simmel attempted to make sense of the unequal monetary relations of his time within a neo-Kantian project aiming at a society of equal and independent individuals. Money allowed for individual expression of desires and thus for the social constitution of an ...
Executive Compensation and the Modern Industrial Revolution*
... Japanese trade concessions dissolved into accusations that U.S. competitiveness was hindered by its excessive executive compensation practices as attention focused on the “huge pay disparities between top executives in the two countries.”1 Consistent with Time magazine’s labeling of CEO pay as the “ ...
... Japanese trade concessions dissolved into accusations that U.S. competitiveness was hindered by its excessive executive compensation practices as attention focused on the “huge pay disparities between top executives in the two countries.”1 Consistent with Time magazine’s labeling of CEO pay as the “ ...
the role of public choice considerations in normative public
... If the economy consists of households who have identical preferences (as in the standard optimal income tax world), non-negative aversion to inequality provides a natural and reasonably acceptable interpersonal value judgment to adopt. differ, things are much more difficult. ...
... If the economy consists of households who have identical preferences (as in the standard optimal income tax world), non-negative aversion to inequality provides a natural and reasonably acceptable interpersonal value judgment to adopt. differ, things are much more difficult. ...
Revolution Through Law in the Economic Sphere
... before being a value of growth or even a group of institutions that enable a certain result, is a process of the society’s self-knowledge. In this process the society discovers its own values and preferences applied to the economic field. Under this point of view, developed societies are those who k ...
... before being a value of growth or even a group of institutions that enable a certain result, is a process of the society’s self-knowledge. In this process the society discovers its own values and preferences applied to the economic field. Under this point of view, developed societies are those who k ...
Hartz on American Liberal Tradition
... view of nature of Newtonian physics over into social thinking. Mr. Hartz mentions only Locke. He does not point out that American history began in the seventeenth century, synchronous with the climax of the scientific revolution. As Newton influenced his younger friend Locke, scientific thinking has ...
... view of nature of Newtonian physics over into social thinking. Mr. Hartz mentions only Locke. He does not point out that American history began in the seventeenth century, synchronous with the climax of the scientific revolution. As Newton influenced his younger friend Locke, scientific thinking has ...
- Munich Personal RePEc Archive
... Marxist heritage of the old social democracy. Economic works of the time, coming mainly from “legal Marxists”, argued that capitalism is an ever growing system, growth interrupted by recessions like the five and ten year cycles observed in capitalist economies, the latter attributed to disproportion ...
... Marxist heritage of the old social democracy. Economic works of the time, coming mainly from “legal Marxists”, argued that capitalism is an ever growing system, growth interrupted by recessions like the five and ten year cycles observed in capitalist economies, the latter attributed to disproportion ...
The Political Economy of Peer Production
... Viral communicators, or meshworks, are a logical extension of the internet. With this methodology, devices create their own networks, through the use of excess capacity, bypassing the need for a pre-existing infrastructure. The 'Community Wi-Fi' movement, the Open Spectrum advocacy, file-serving tel ...
... Viral communicators, or meshworks, are a logical extension of the internet. With this methodology, devices create their own networks, through the use of excess capacity, bypassing the need for a pre-existing infrastructure. The 'Community Wi-Fi' movement, the Open Spectrum advocacy, file-serving tel ...
Trade and Trade Issues
... entrepreneur to invest resources in the most productive way. Consequently, they have urged that governments refrain from interfering with private entrepreneurs and free markets in international trade. Yet in the intervening two centuries, virtually no national government has followed this advice. Th ...
... entrepreneur to invest resources in the most productive way. Consequently, they have urged that governments refrain from interfering with private entrepreneurs and free markets in international trade. Yet in the intervening two centuries, virtually no national government has followed this advice. Th ...
The political economy of Donald Trump
... Trump has been cavalier in his statements about debt – as to its size, buying back and/or reneging on it; about trade – US repudiation of its international obligations; about immigration and the expulsion of illegal immigrants; and about renouncing Obama’s policy on the environment. He has been rude ...
... Trump has been cavalier in his statements about debt – as to its size, buying back and/or reneging on it; about trade – US repudiation of its international obligations; about immigration and the expulsion of illegal immigrants; and about renouncing Obama’s policy on the environment. He has been rude ...
22747-r - Project Gutenberg
... used to bribe Korean government officials and politicians. But his conduct and even the scale of the fraud he perpetrated may have been typical to Korea's post-war incestuous relationship between politics and business. In his paper "The Role of Slush Funds in the Preparation of Corruption Mechanisms ...
... used to bribe Korean government officials and politicians. But his conduct and even the scale of the fraud he perpetrated may have been typical to Korea's post-war incestuous relationship between politics and business. In his paper "The Role of Slush Funds in the Preparation of Corruption Mechanisms ...
United States Hegemony and the New Economics of Defense
... top of a global supply chain. While receiving little examination in security studies, the newly diffuse, worldwide origins of a modern tank, plane, or missile hold potentially tremendous implications for international politics. Ironically, while the RMA extends the United States’ ability to project ...
... top of a global supply chain. While receiving little examination in security studies, the newly diffuse, worldwide origins of a modern tank, plane, or missile hold potentially tremendous implications for international politics. Ironically, while the RMA extends the United States’ ability to project ...
Embedded liberalism
Embedded liberalism is a term for the global economic system and the associated international political orientation as it existed from the end of World War II to the 1970s. The system was set up to support a combination of free trade with the freedom for states to enhance their provision of welfare and to regulate their economies to reduce unemployment. The term was first used by the American political scientist John Ruggie in 1982.Mainstream scholars generally describe embedded liberalism as involving a compromise between two desirable but partially conflicting objectives. The first objective was to revive free trade. Before World War I, international trade formed a large portion of global GDP, but the classical liberal order which supported it had been damaged by war and by the Great Depression of the 1930s. The second objective was to allow national governments the freedom to provide generous welfare programmes and to intervene in their economies to maintain full employment. This second objective was considered to be incompatible with a full return to the free market system as it had existed in the late 19th century—mainly because with a free market in international capital, investors could easily withdraw money from nations that tried to implement interventionist and redistributive policies.The resulting compromise was embodied in the Bretton Woods system, which was launched at the end of World War II. The system was liberal in that it aimed to set up an open system of international trade in goods and services, facilitated by semi fixed exchange rates. Yet it also aimed to ""embed"" market forces into a framework where they could be regulated by national governments, with states able to control international capital flows by means of capital controls. New global multilateral institutions were created to support the new framework, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.When Ruggie coined the phrase embedded liberalism, he was building on earlier work by Karl Polanyi, who had introduced the concept of markets becoming ""dis-embedded"" from society during the 19th century. Polanyi went on to propose that the ""re-embedding"" of markets would be a central task for the architects of the post war world order, and this was largely enacted as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference. In the 1950s and 1960s, the global economy prospered under embedded liberalism, with growth more rapid than before or since. Yet the system was to break down in the 1970s.