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World History and Geography Assessments
4.1.1 Crisis in the Classical World – Explain the responses to common forces of change that
led to the ultimate collapse of classical empires and discuss the consequences of their
collapse.
1. After the western Roman Empire fell to Germanic invaders in the 5th century A.D., the
eastern part of the empire eventually became known as the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Byzantine Empire.
Carthaginian Empire.
Islamic Empire.
Persian Empire.
Answer: A
4.1.2 World Religions – Using historical and modern maps and other documents, analyze
the continuing spread of major world religions during this era and describe encounters
between religious groups including
 Islam and Christianity (Roman Catholic and Orthodox) – increased trade and the
Crusades
 Islam and Hinduism in South Asia
 Continuing tensions between Catholic and Orthodox Christianity
Answer: A
1. …Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived together in peace. Because several Christian and
Jewish prophets, including Adam, Abraham, and Moses, are named in the Qur’an and
because the Jewish Torah and Christian gospels are recognized as revelations from Allah, the
Muslim rulers called Christians and Jews “people of the Book” and permitted them much
religious and personal freedom. Jews, especially, enjoyed many liberties, and many Jews
distinguished themselves in science, the arts, and government. Convivencia, a Spanish word
meaning “living together,” helped make tenth-century al-Andalus the most civilized country
in Europe… .
What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The Torah and the Bible were rejected in Muslim Spain.
B. Arabs, Jews and Christians shared houses and places of worship in Muslim Spain.
C. Religious tolerance in Muslim Spain encouraged the growth of a rich and diverse
culture.
D. Spain was trouble by deep-rooted religious conflict.
Answer: C
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2. What was one direct result of the Crusades?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East.
Islamic kingdoms expanded in Europe.
Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them.
Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia.
Answer: A
4.1.3 Trade Networks and Contacts – Analyze the development, interdependence,
specialization, and importance of interregional trading systems both within and between
societies including
 land-based routes across the Sahara, Eurasia, and Europe
 water-based routes across Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Red and
Mediterranean Seas
1. Based on the map, which conclusion can best be drawn about this region?
A. The Sahara Desert acted as a
barrier to trade.
B. Rivers served as the primary
trade routes for the entire region.
C. The economy of the region was
influenced by extensive trade
connections.
D. Goods from the Gulf of Guinea
were exchanged directly with
English cities.
Answer: C
2. Based on the information provided by this map, which body of water was most likely the
center of Roman trade?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Red Sea
Black Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Answer: D
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4.2.1 Growth of Islam and Dar al-Islam [A country, territory, land, or abode where Muslim
sovereignty prevails] – Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the
creation of the Islamic Empire including
 The founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific,
technological, and economic features of Muslim society
 diverse religious traditions of Islam- Sunni, Shi’a/Shi’ite, Sufi
 role of Dar al-Islam as a cultural, political, and economic force in Afro-Eurasia
 the caliphate as both a religious and political institution, and the persistence of other
traditions in the Arab World including Christianity
1. Which practice is most closely associated with a person of the Islamic faith?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Refraining from eating meat on Fridays
Praying five times a day
Following the Eightfold Path
Worshipping many gods
Answer: B
4.2.2 Unification of Eurasia under the Mongols – Using historical and modern maps, locate
and describe the geographic patterns of Mongol conquest and expansion and describe the
characteristics of the Pax Mongolica (particularly revival of long-distance trading networks
between China and the Mediterranean world).
1. One similarity between the Mongols of Central Asia and the Incas of South America was that
both societies
A.
B.
C.
D.
develop cash-crop farming.
based their wealth on the slave trade.
adapt to difficult physical environments.
practiced monotheistic religions.
Answer: C
2. Some historians suggest that as a result of the Mongol invasions of Russia, the Russian
people were
A.
B.
C.
D.
united with the Ottomans.
converted to Christianity.
freed from serfdom.
cut off from most of Western Europe.
Answer: D
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3. Which statement about the Mongol Empire is accurate?
A. The Mongols developed a highly technological society that emphasized formal
education.
B. European monarchies became a model for the early Mongol governments.
C. Pax Mongolia led to regional stability, increasing trade on the Silk Road.
D. The Mongols adopted Roman Catholicism as the official religion of the empire.
Answer: C
4.2.3 The Plague – Using historical and modern maps and other evidence, explain the
causes and spread of the Plague and analyze the demographic, economic, social, and
political consequences of this pandemic.
1. What conclusion can be made based on these statements?
 1340s - Mongols, merchants, and other travelers carried disease along trade routes west
of China.
 1346 - The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tana.
 1347 - Italian merchants fled plague-infected Black Sea ports.
 1348 - The plague became an epidemic in most of Western Europe.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The plague primarily affected China.
The interaction of people spread the plague.
Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague.
The plague started in Western Europe.
Answer: B
2. What conclusion about the effects of the Black Death can be drawn from this map?
A. It did not spread beyond
Europe.
B. It was most severe in Europe,
but was also found in North
Africa and Asia.
C. It affected only crowded,
urban areas.
D. It spread rapidly throughout
the Russian states.
Answer: B
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3. What pattern can be deduced from the information on the chart?
A. The plague spread primarily from the
north to the south.
B. The plague spread primarily from the
west to the east.
C. The plague spread primarily from coastal
areas to inland ones.
D. The plague spread primarily from
Christian countries to Muslim countries.
Answer: C
4.3.1 Africa to 1500 – Describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies and the
significant changes in African society by
 comparing and contrasting at least two of the major states/civilizations of East,
South, and West Africa (Aksum, Swahili Coast, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, Songhai)
in terms of environmental, economic, religious, political, and social structures
 using historical and modern maps to identify the Bantu migration patterns and
describe their contributions to agriculture, technology and language
 analyzing the African trading networks by examining trans-Saharan trade in gold
and salt and connect these to interregional patterns of trade
 analyzing the development of an organized slave trade within and beyond Africa
 analyzing the influence of Islam and Christianity on African culture and the
blending of traditional African beliefs with new ideas from Islam and Christianity
1. What generalization can be made on the basis of these statements?
 Timbuktu is known as a great center of learning and trade.
 Walls of Great Zimbabwe reveal a powerful and rich society.
 Complex culture produces brass sculptures in Benin.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Religious beliefs were the most important element in many African societies.
Some African societies achieved a high level of economic and cultural development.
North African societies were more advanced than South African societies.
Most African societies were hundreds of years behind Asian societies in using.
technology
Answer: B
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2. Which civilization best completes the heading of the partial outline below?
I. ______________________________
A. Spread of Islam
B. Gold and salt trade
C. Growth of Timbuktu
D. Pilgrimage of Mansa Musa
A.
B.
C.
D.
Benin
Kush
Mali
Egyptian
Answer: C
3. One way in which the Silk Roads and the West African trade routes are similar is that along
both routes
A.
B.
C.
D.
the main items exchanged were ivory and tobacco.
concrete was used to improve the surface of the roads.
a single currency was used to make transactions easier.
ideas were exchanged as merchants interacted with each other.
Answer: D
4.3.2 The Americas to 1500 – Describe the diverse characteristics of early American
civilizations and societies in North, Central, and South America by comparing and
contrasting the major aspects (government, religion, interactions with the environment,
economy, and social life) of American Indian civilizations and societies such as the Maya,
Aztec, Inca, Pueblo, and/or Eastern Woodland peoples.
1. One similarity of the Aztec, Maya, and Inca empires is that they
A.
B.
C.
D.
developed in fertile river valleys.
maintained democratic political systems.
coexisted peacefully with neighboring empires.
created complex civilizations.
Answer: D
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2. Which statement about the Aztec and Incan civilizations is a fact rather than an opinion?
A. The Incas had a culture that was superior to the Aztec culture.
B. Incan temples and Aztec calendars are the best examples of advanced science and
technology.
C. Religion, art, and science were better in Aztec and Incan cities than they were in
European cities.
D. Both the Incas and the Aztecs had large urban areas with governmental and religious
buildings.
Answer: D
3. The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that preColumbian cultures in the Americas
A.
B.
C.
D.
traded extensively with Africa.
flourished prior to European contact.
declined because of invasion and disease.
converted others to Islam.
Answer: B
4.3.3 China to 1500 – Explain how Chinese dynasties responded to the internal and
external challenges caused by ethnic diversity, physical geography, population growth and
Mongol invasion to achieve relative political stability, economic prosperity, and
technological innovation.
1. The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the Chinese adapted to the physical geography of
their region by
A.
B.
C.
D.
developing terrace farming on hillsides.
building chariots to protect their open plains against invaders.
becoming maritime traders.
constructing harbors to encourage exploration.
Answer: A
2. One way in which the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar is that both
A.
B.
C.
D.
governed large areas around the Mediterranean Sea.
created democratic societies in which people elected their government officials.
developed a social system in which great equality existed.
promoted unity and communication by building a strong system of roads.
Answer: D
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4.3.4 The Eastern European System and the Byzantine Empire to 1500 – Analyze
restructuring of the Eastern European system including
 the rise and decline of the Byzantine Empire
 the region’s unique spatial location
 the region’s political, economic, and religious transformations
 emerging tensions between East and West
1. Which title best completes the partial outline?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Age of Discovery
Byzantium Empire
Persian Empire
Crusades
I._______________________
A. Incorporation of European and Arabic
ideas in architecture
B. Preservation of Greco-Roman ideas
C. Spread of Orthodox Christianity into
Russia
D. Development of Justinian Code
Answer: B
2. …For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as having begun
nearly a millennium of conflict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as
representing the constant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars
say that is a more recent and inaccurate view of the Crusades… .
- Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR
The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never
really were in the first place. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt
to bring the fruits of European civilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the
Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthy power was the Muslim world. Europe was
the Third World. . . .
- Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the
West and Middle East, NPR, All Things Considered, August 17, 2004
These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades
A.
B.
C.
D.
has been neglected by experts.
was of little importance.
is the subject of debate and interpretation.
illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding.
Answer: C
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4.3.5 Western Europe to 1500 – Explain the workings of feudalism, manoralism, and the
growth of centralized monarchies and city-states in Europe including
 the role and political impact of the Roman Catholic Church in European medieval
society
 how agricultural innovation and increasing trade led to the growth of towns and
cities
 the role of the Crusades, 100 Years War, and the Bubonic Plague in the early
development of centralized nation-states
 the cultural and social impact of the Renaissance on Western and Northern Europe
1. The introduction of gunpowder helped bring an end to feudalism.
The printing press played an important role in causing the Reformation.
The statements above best reflect the idea that
A.
B.
C.
D.
environmental changes can affect human society.
contact with other societies can lead to conflict and war.
economic change can be slow and almost unnoticed.
technological advances can lead to major change.
Answer: D
2. Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Self-sufficiency
Inflation
Trade embargo
Competition
Answer: A
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3. “The Peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place on church property, and
it promised sanctuary in churches and abbeys to fugitives from combat. The Truce of God
forbade fighting from Wednesday evening until Monday morning, on holidays, and during
the religious seasons of Christmas and Lent…”
- Medieval and Early Modern Times
This selection tells us that
A.
B.
C.
D.
the church had considerable political power during this time.
war was limited to religious holidays.
religion was dictated by feudal law.
landlords determined when warfare took place.
Answer: A
5.1.1 Emerging Global System – Analyze the impact of increased oceanic travel including
changes in the global system of trade, migration, and political power as compared to the
previous era.
1. The Age of Exploration led directly to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
establishment of European colonies.
start of the Puritan Revolution.
invention of the magnetic compass.
failure of the Congress of Vienna.
Answer: A
2. Venice in Europe, Mogadishu in Africa, and Canton in China emerged during the 13th
century primarily as important centers of
A.
B.
C.
D.
agriculture.
trade.
manufacturing.
mining.
Answer: B
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5.1.2 World Religions – Use historical and modern maps to analyze major territorial
transformations and movements of world religions including the expulsion of Muslims and
Jews from Spain, Christianity to the Americas, and Islam to Southeast Asia, and evaluate
the impact of these transformations/movements on the respective human systems.
1. One similarity between Japanese Shintoism and African animism is the belief that
A.
B.
C.
D.
everything in nature has a spirit and should be respected.
only one God exists in the universe.
people’s moral conduct determines their afterlife.
religious statues should be erected to honor the gods.
Answer: A
2. Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200.
Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732.
Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s.
Each of the statements above reflects the concept of
A.
B.
C.
D.
cultural diffusion.
urbanization.
civil disobedience.
isolationism.
Answer: A
5.2.1 European Exploration/Conquest and Columbian Exchange – Analyze the
demographic, environmental, and political consequences of European oceanic travel and
conquest and of the Columbian Exchange in the late 15th and 16th centuries by
 describing the geographic routes used in the exchange of plants, animals, and
pathogens among the continents in the late 15th and the 16th centuries
 explaining how forced and free migrations of peoples (push/pull factors) and the
exchange of plants, animals, and pathogens impacted the natural environments,
political institutions, societies, and commerce of European, Asian, African, and the
American societies
1. What was a significant effect of the Columbian exchange?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Aztec conquered a vast empire.
Potatoes were introduced into the diet of some Europeans.
Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for sailors.
China closed its borders to foreigners.
Answer: B
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2. “They [Zheng He and his men] were directed to ... open trade contacts.... The densely
populated regions of southern China were experiencing repeated epidemics ... and the herbs
believed to be effective in controlling them had become impossible to obtain because of the
earlier ban on foreign trade.”
The issue under discussion in this passage is
A.
B.
C.
D.
urbanization.
interdependence.
revolution.
immigration.
Answer: B
3. Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe.
Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle Passage.
Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous peoples.
Spanish language is used in much of Latin America.
Which global interaction is illustrated by these statements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Silk Road trade
Crusades
Columbian Exchange
Scramble for Africa
Answer: C
5.2.2 Trans-African and Trans-Atlantic Slave Systems – Analyze the emerging transAtlantic slave system and compare it to other systems of labor existing during this era by
 using historical and modern maps and other data to analyze the causes and
development of the Atlantic trade system, including economic exchanges, the
diffusion of Africans in the Americas (including the Caribbean and South America),
and the Middle Passage
 comparing and contrasting the trans-Atlantic slave system with the African slave
system and another system of labor existing during this era (e.g., serfdom,
indentured servitude, corvee labor, wage labor)
1. What was a direct result of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade on African cultures?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Many African communities faced economic disaster.
European industrial factories were established throughout Africa.
Animism was no longer practiced in Africa.
Africans across the continent hired Europeans to train their military.
Answer: A
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2. The success of the triangular trade system depended on increasing
A.
B.
C.
D.
political independence of the Caribbean nations.
emphasis on free trade of European nations.
slave trade in the Western hemisphere.
industrialization of South American colonies.
Answer: C
5.3.1 Ottoman Empire through the 18th Century – Analyze the major political, religious,
economic, and cultural transformations in the Ottoman Empire by
 using historical and modern maps to describe the empire’s origins (Turkic
migrations), geographic expansion, and contraction
 analyzing the impact of the Ottoman rule
1. “It would be wrong to call the Ottoman Empire a purely Islamic state. It was not. It was a
state that claimed some kind of an attachment, some kind of allegiance to Islam, but
combined it with other forms of heritage from the Byzantine tradition or from the Turkic
tradition that did not really correspond to Islam. So they always had this very, very
pragmatic approach to Islam.”
- Professor Edhem Eldem,
This author is suggesting that during the Ottoman Empire
A.
B.
C.
D.
religion was mingled with historic traditions.
most people belonged to minority religions.
rulers tried to separate politics from religion.
rulers operated under a strict set of laws.
Answer: A
2. What is a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire to global history?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Preservation of Greek and Roman culture
Construction of the pyramids
Expansion of equal rights
Invention of writing
Answer: A
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5.3.2 East Asia through the 18th Century – Analyze the major political, religious, economic,
and cultural transformations in East Asia by
 analyzing the major reasons for the continuity of Chinese society under the Ming
and Qing dynasties, including the role of Confucianism, the civil service, and
Chinese oceanic exploration
 analyzing the changes in Japanese society by describing the role of geography in the
development of Japan, the policies of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and the influence of
China on Japanese society
1. Which statement about government during the Tokugawa period in Japan is most accurate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The power of the emperor was absolute and supreme.
The real power was held by foreign countries.
Actual power was held by the shogun.
Political power was in the hands of the merchant class.
Answer: C
5.3.3 South Asia/India through the 18th Century – Analyze the global economic
significance of India and the role of foreign influence in the political, religious, cultural,
and economic transformations in India and South Asia including the Mughal Empire and
the beginnings of European contact.
1. Unlike Louis XIV of France, Akbar, the Mughal ruler of India, strengthened his control of
his state by
A.
B.
C.
D.
banning Islamic practices.
openly converting to the state religion.
promoting religious tolerance.
persecuting Jesuit missionaries.
Answer: C
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5.3.4 Russia through the 18th Century – Analyze the major political, religious, economic,
and cultural transformations in Russia including
 Russian imperial expansion and top-down westernization/modernization
 the impact of its unique location relative to Europe and Asia
 the political and cultural influence (e.g., written language) of Byzantine Empire,
Mongol Empire, and Orthodox Christianity
1. Which Russian ruler’s goals are described in the poem?
“. . . Here a new city shall be wrought [built]. . . .
Shall break a window to the West. . .
Here flags of foreign nations all
By waters new to them will call. . . .”
— Alexander Pushkin, The Bronze Horseman
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ivan the Terrible
Peter the Great
Catherine the Great
Nicholas II
Answer: B
5.3.5 Europe through the 18th Century – Analyze the major political, religious, cultural
and economic transformations in Europe by
 explaining the origins, growth, and consequences of European overseas expansion,
including the development and impact of maritime power in Asia and land control
in the Americas
 analyzing transformations in Europe’s state structure, including the rising military,
bureaucratic, and nationalist power of European states including absolutism
 analyzing how the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the
Enlightenment contributed to transformations in European society
 analyzing the transformation of the European economies including mercantilism,
capitalism, and wage labor
1. In the mid-1700s, how did trade contribute to the early growth of an industrial economy in
Great Britain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It allowed the British to educate their workforce.
It provided funds to pay high wages to the new labor class.
It enabled British merchants to hire skilled foreign laborers.
It gave British entrepreneurs the capital needed to open new factories.
Answer: D
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2. Louis XIV and Peter the Great would most likely agree with the expression
A.
B.
C.
D.
“Government should leave businesses alone.”
“Countries should settle differences without war.”
“Do not question government authority.”
“All men are created with natural rights.”
Answer: C
3. Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Religious unity declines throughout Europe.
The Catholic Counter-Reformation begins.
The power of the Roman Catholic Church decreases.
Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.
Answer: D
5.3.6 Latin America through the 18th Century – Analyze colonial transformations in Latin
America, including
 the near-elimination of American Indian civilizations and peoples
 social stratifications of the population (e.g., peninsulares, creoles, mestizos)
 the regional and global role of silver and sugar
 resource extraction and the emerging system of labor (e.g., mita, slavery)
1. Which outcome was a direct result of the social structure established during European
colonization of Latin America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Inequalities of income and power.
Communist governments were formed in most countries.
A small but powerful middle class owned the land and businesses.
Family structure of native peoples was destroyed.
Answer: A
2. The encomienda system in colonial Latin America led to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
use of forced labor.
establishment of trade unions.
increase in landownership by Native Americans.
weakening of the power of peninsulares.
Answer: A
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3. Smallpox outbreak spreads throughout Mexico.
Many Incas convert to Christianity in ceremonies in Lima, Peru.
Spanish and Portuguese are introduced to chocolate, peanuts, tomatoes, and corn.
Cortés brings Aztec gold and silver treasures to Spain.
Which situation is illustrated in these statements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Empathy of Europeans for Native American Indian civilizations.
Triangular trade and its effects on agrarian economies.
The relatively high costs of colonialism.
The impact of contact between different peoples.
Answer: D
6.1.1 Global Revolutions – Analyze the causes and global consequences of major political
and industrial revolutions focusing on changes in relative political and military power,
economic production, and commerce.
1. One similarity in the leadership of Jomo Kenyatta, José de San Martín, and Sun Yixian (Sun
Yat-sen) is that they
A.
B.
C.
D.
supported nationalistic movements.
organized communist rebellions.
opposed trade with other nations.
established democratic rule in their countries.
Answer: A
2. The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19thcentury uprisings in
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latin America.
the Middle East.
Vietnam.
Japan.
Answer: A
3. The principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many
ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Both favored representative governments.
Both limited voting rights to an economic elite.
Both retained certain hereditary rights for aristocrats.
Both supported equal rights for women.
Answer: A
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6.1.2 World-wide Migrations and Population Changes – Analyze the causes and
consequences of shifts in world population and major patterns of long-distance migrations
of Europeans, Africans, and Asians during this era, including the impact of industrialism,
imperialism, changing diets, and scientific advances on worldwide demographic trends.
1. Which of these events was most responsible for the increase in urban population in 19thcentury European cities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Farm workers moving to the cities.
Peasants moving westward from Russia.
Peasants moving north from Mediterranean countries.
Colonial subjects moving into Europe.
Answer: A
2. Base your answer to the following question on the 19th century song lyrics below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
What has poor Ireland done, mother,What has poor Ireland done,
That the world looks on, and sees us starve,
Perishing one by one?
Do the men of England care not, mother, The great men and the high, For the suffering sons of Erin’s isle,
Whether they live or die
-A.M. Edmond,
“Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother”
Which event is most closely associated with the conditions described in these lyrics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Civil war
Famine
Glorious Revolution
Independence from Great Britain
Answer: B
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6.1.3 Increasing Global Interconnections – Describe increasing global interconnections
between societies, through the emergence and spread of ideas, innovations, and
commodities including
 constitutionalism, communism and socialism, republicanism, nationalism,
capitalism, human rights, and secularization
 the global spread of major innovations, technologies, and commodities via new
global networks
1. In The Communists Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels expressed the idea that
A.
B.
C.
D.
religion should be the most important factor in society.
power should be determined by a person’s wealth.
profits from work should belong to the workers.
supply and demand should control prices.
Answer: C
2. One way in which Emperor Meiji and Ataturk are similar is that they both promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
isolation and nationalism.
capitalism and democracy.
revolution and absolutism.
reform and modernization.
Answer: D
6.1.4 Changes in Economic and Political Systems – Compare the emerging economic and
political systems (industrialism and democracy) with the economic and political systems of
the previous era (agriculture and absolutism).
1. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. ____________________
A. Writings of Thomas Hobbes
B. Divine right theory
C. Centralization of political power
D. Reign of Louis XIV
A.
B.
C.
D.
Beginning of Global Trade
Growth of Democracy in Europe
Rise of Absolutism
Age of Exploration
Answer: C
World History and Geography Assessments – May 2009
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2. By the 1700s, in which nation were conditions best suited for the Industrial Revolution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
France
Germany
Spain
England
Answer: D
6.1.5 Interpreting Europe’s Increasing Global Power – Describe Europe’s increasing global
power between 1500 and 1900, and evaluate the merits of the argument that this rise was
caused by factors internal to Europe (e.g., Renaissance, Reformation, demographic,
economic, and social changes) or factors external to Europe (e.g., decline of Mughal and
Ottoman empires and the decreasing engagement of China and Japan in global
interactions).
1. Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters.
Governments should establish overseas empires.
Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion.
Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.
Answer: A
2. The White Man’s Burden
Take up the White Man’s burden–
Send forth the best ye breed–
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;
To wait, in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild–
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
-Rudyard Kipling, 1899
The message of this poem was used by many Europeans to justify
A.
B.
C.
D.
industrialism.
imperialism.
feudalism.
fascism.
Answer: B
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6.2.1 Political Revolutions – Analyze the Age of Revolutions by comparing and contrasting
the political, economic, and social causes and consequences of at least three political and/or
nationalistic revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican or other Latin American, or
Chinese Revolutions)
1. The principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many
ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Both favored representative governments.
Both limited voting rights to an economic elite.
Both retained certain hereditary rights for aristocrats.
Both supported equal rights for women.
Answer: A
2. The American Revolution influenced independence movements in South America by
A.
B.
C.
D.
offering military aid to support revolts.
providing an example of a successful colonial rebellion.
blockading Spanish military and trade ships.
undermining English military and economic power.
Answer: B
3. “Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent than ever before, who live within the
Spanish system, occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or
at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. . . .”
This quotation, written in September 1815, represents the views of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Martin Luther.
Catherine the Great.
Simon Bolivar.
Adam Smith.
Answer: C
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6.2.2 Growth of Nationalism and Nation-states – Compare and contrast the rise of the
nation-states in a western context (e.g., Germany, Italy) and non-western context (e.g.,
Meiji Japan).
1. The unification of Germany (1870–71) and the breakup of Yugoslavia after 1991 both
illustrate the influence of
A.
B.
C.
D.
imperialism.
industrialization.
westernization.
nationalism.
Answer: D
2. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. _________________________________
A. Unification of Italy
B. Formation of the Indian National Congress
C. Founding of the Muslim League
D. Breakup of Austria-Hungary
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tensions of the Cold War
Effects of Nationalism
Causes of World War II
Results of Economic Revolutions
Answer: B
3. One way in which Emperor Meiji and Atatürk are similar is that they both promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
isolation and nationalism.
capitalism and democracy.
revolution and absolutism.
reform and modernization.
Answer: D
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6.2.3 Industrialization – Analyze the origins, characteristics and consequences of
industrialization across the world by
 comparing and contrasting the process and impact of industrialization in Russia,
Japan, and one of the following: Britain, Germany, United States, or France
 describing the social and economic impacts of industrialization, particularly its
effect on women and children, and the rise of organized labor movements
 describing the environmental impacts of industrialization and urbanization
1. Urbanization in developing nations today is similar to urbanization in 19th century England
because in both cases
A.
B.
C.
D.
many people moved to rural areas.
governments developed policies of forced migration.
ties to extended families increased.
many farm workers went to cities to look for jobs.
Answer: D
2. The primary reason France and Japan were interested in controlling parts of Indochina in the
20th century was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
dominate the Indian Ocean.
obtain valuable natural resources.
stop the spread of communism.
prevent Spanish colonization.
Answer: B
3. “In the Manufacture of Woollens, the Scribbling Mill, the Spinning Frame, and the Fly
Shuttle, have reduced manual Labour nearly One third, and each of them at its – first
Introduction carried an Alarm to the Work People, yet each has contributed to advance the
Wages and to increase the Trade, so that if an Attempt was now made to deprive us of the
Use of them, there is no Doubt, but every Person engaged in the Business, would exert
himself to defend them. . . .”
- Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants, 1791
These quotations reveal different viewpoints associated with
A.
B.
C.
D.
the development of nationalism.
the Bolshevik Revolution.
Social Darwinism.
the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: D
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6.2.4 Imperialism – Analyze the political, economic, and social causes and consequences of
imperialism by
 using historical and modern maps and other evidence to analyze and explain the
causes and global consequences of nineteenth-century imperialism, including
encounters between imperial powers (Europe, Japan) and local peoples in India,
Africa, Central Asia, and East Asia
 describing the connection between imperialism and racism, including the social
construction of race
 comparing British policies in South Africa and India, French polices in Indochina,
and Japanese policies in Asia
 analyze the responses to imperialism by African and Asian peoples
Note: Teachers might also include the expansion of the United States in studying Imperialism
1. One way in which the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China are similar
is that both attempted to
A.
B.
C.
D.
remove foreign influences.
restore democracy.
modernize their economy.
end religious conflict.
Answer: A
2. The annexation of Korea and Japan’s invasion of Manchuria were attempts by Japan to
A.
B.
C.
D.
spread Shinto beliefs.
protect human rights.
acquire natural resources.
establish theocratic governments.
Answer: C
3. A common goal of the Salt March in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and the Zulu
resistance in southern Africa was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
overthrow totalitarian leaders.
force upper classes to carry out land reform programs.
remove foreign powers.
establish Communist parties to lead the governments.
Answer: C
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6.3.1 Europe – Analyze the economic, political, and social transformations in Europe by
 analyzing and explaining the impact of economic development on European society
 explaining how democratic ideas and revolutionary conflicts influenced European
society, noting particularly their influence on religious institutions, education,
family life, and the legal and political position of women
 using historical and modern maps to describe how the wars of the French
Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods and growing nationalism changed the
political geography of Europe and other regions (e.g., Louisiana Purchase)
1. How did the French Revolution affect the Latin American independence movements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It encouraged the British to meet the demands of the people.
It promoted regional cooperation to solve economic problems.
It provided ideas for making political changes.
It was a model for peaceful solutions to political conflicts.
Answer: C
2. Which development caused the other three?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Introduction of the factory system
Increased urbanization
Increased productivity of industrial workers
Unsafe working conditions
Answer: A
6.3.2 East Asia – Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations in East Asia by
 explaining key events in the modernization of Japan (Meiji Restoration) and the
impact of the Russo-Japanese War
 describing key events in the decline of Qing China, including the Opium Wars and
the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions
1. The Opium Wars of the mid-19th century marked the beginning of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
rivalry between China and Taiwan.
domination of China by foreign powers.
decline of European influence in East Asia.
global effort to combat drug use.
Answer: B
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2. Which action taken by the Meiji government encouraged industrialization in 19th century
Japan?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Building a modern transportation system
Limiting the number of ports open to foreign trade
Forcing families to settle on collective farms
Establishing a system of trade guilds
Answer: A
6.3.3 Africa – Evaluate the different experiences of African societies north and south of the
Sahara with imperialism (e.g., Egypt, Ethiopia and the Congo).
1. One of the most important motives for the European “Scramble for Africa” in the late 1800s
was that Africa provided a source of
A.
B.
C.
D.
raw materials used in industry.
religious inspiration.
free labor for the Americas.
technologically innovative practices.
Answer: A
7.1.1 Increasing Government and Political Power – Explain the expanding role of state
power in managing economies, transportation systems, and technologies, and other social
environments, including its impact of the daily lives of their citizens. (See 7.3.2)
7.1.2 Comparative Global Power – Use historical and modern maps and other sources to
analyze and explain the changes in the global balance of military, political, and economic
power between 1900 and 1945 (including the changing role of the United States and those
resisting foreign domination).
1. What conclusion can be drawn from the information on this graph?
A. Japan stopped its territorial expansion before 1910.
B. By 1905, Japan had acquired less than 400,000 square miles
of additional territory.
C. Japanese territorial expansion increased most rapidly between
1900 and 1905.
D. Most of Japan’s territory was acquired between 1895 and
1900.
Answer: C
World History and Geography Assessments – May 2009
26
2. One reason the Japanese followed a policy of expansionism before World War II was to gain
A.
B.
C.
D.
warm-water ports.
control of Tibet.
additional natural resources.
control of the Suez Canal.
Answer: C
3. “Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia” (1935)
“Germany Takes the Rhineland Back” (1936)
“Germany and Russia Divide Poland”(1939)
These headlines might be used to illustrate the weakness of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
United Nations.
Warsaw Pact.
Congress of Vienna.
League of Nations.
Answer: D
7.1.3 Twentieth Century Genocide – Use various sources including works of journalists,
journals, oral histories, films, interviews, and writings of participants to analyze the causes
and consequences of the genocides of Armenians, Romas (Gypsies), and Jews, and the mass
exterminations of Ukrainians and Chinese.
1. What is the main idea of this 1995 cartoon?
A. The United Nations supported the
Serbians in Kosovo.
B. The United Nations was
ineffective in it attempt to end
genocide in Kosovo.
C. Killing in Kosovo stopped
because of United Nations
reprimands.
D. The Serbians lost the battle for
Kosovo.
Answer: B
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2. Which action illustrates the concept of genocide?
A. The British negotiating peace with Adolf Hitler during the 1938 Munich Conference.
B. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signing a nonaggression pact in 1939.
C. The Nazi armies eliminating the Jews and other groups as part of Adolf Hitler’s Final
Solution.
D. German generals plotting against Adolf Hitler.
Answer: C
3. The treatment of the Armenians by Ottoman Turks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
and the treatment of Muslims by the Serbs of Yugoslavia in the 1990s are both examples of
A.
B.
C.
D.
coalition rule.
liberation theology.
universal suffrage.
human rights violations.
Answer: D
7.1.4 Global Technology – Describe significant technological innovations and scientific
breakthroughs in transportation, communication, medicine, and warfare and analyze how
they both benefited and imperiled humanity.
1. The technology developed during World War I resulted in
A.
B.
C.
D.
smaller nations becoming part of larger empires after the war.
a smaller number of refugees during the war.
increased military casualties in battles fought during the war.
a slowdown in transportation improvements after the war.
Answer: C
2. “. . . We cannot and must not allow ourselves to have the message of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki fade completely from our minds, and we cannot allow our vision or ideals to fade,
either. For if we do, we have but one course left for us. And that flash of light will not only
rob us of our vision, but it will rob us of our lives, our progeny [descendants], and our very
existence.”
- Tadatoshi Akiba, Mayor of Hiroshima
With which issue is Mayor Akiba most concerned?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Depletion of the ozone layer
Treatment of infectious diseases
Nuclear proliferation
International terrorism
Answer: C
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3. What is the main idea of this cartoon?
A. Proliferation of military weapons could
destroy the world.
B. The world’s population is growing faster
than its food supply.
C. The land masses of the Northern and
Southern hemispheres are shifting
D. Military technology is making the world a
smaller place
Answer: A
7.1.5 Total War – Compare and contrast modern warfare and its resolution with warfare
in the previous eras; include analysis of the role of technology and civilians.
1. “Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been communicated to me in
manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and
important source of energy in the immediate future.”
- Albert Einstein, letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, August 2, 1939
The development referred to in Einstein’s letter led directly to
A.
B.
C.
D.
a government program to develop the atomic bomb.
the first funding of scientific research by the federal government.
the delivery of inexpensive electricity to U.S. consumers.
the creation of a new cabinet department.
Answer: A
World History and Geography Assessments – May 2009
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7.2.1 World War I – Analyze the causes, characteristics, and long-term consequences of
World War I by
 analyzing the causes of the war including nationalism, industrialization, disputes
over territory, systems of alliances, imperialism, and militarism
 analyzing the distinctive characteristics and impacts of the war on the soldiers and
people at home
 explaining the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty and analyzing its
spatial and political consequences, including the mandate system, reparations, and
national self-determination around the globe
1. According to some historians, Europe’s system of alliances prior to 1914 increased the
likelihood that
A.
B.
C.
D.
democratic ideals would spread throughout the continent.
nations would be protected from economic exploitation.
colonization of undeveloped nations would cease.
small disputes would develop into large-scale wars.
Answer: D
2. Why did most of the combat on the Western Front in World War I take place in a relatively
small area?
A.
B.
C.
D.
There is only small amount of flat land in all of Europe.
The armies became immobile because of trench warfare.
Each side cut off the fuel supply of the other.
Germany’s military tactics were based on “static warfare.”
Answer: B
3. A major goal of France and Great Britain at the Conference of Versailles following World
War I was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
create a politically unified Europe.
keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces.
restore pre-war imperial governments to power.
help Germany rebuild its industrial economy.
Answer: B
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30
4. The cartoonist is referring to the way Germany was affected in 1919 by
A.
B.
C.
D.
the congress of Vienna.
its defeat of Napoleon.
the Treaty of Versailles.
it defeat in World War II.
Answer: C
“This will make you forget the peace terms”
7.2.2 Inter-war Period – Analyze the transformations that shaped world societies between
World War I and World War II by
 examining the causes and consequences of the economic depression on different
regions, nations, and the globe
 describing and explaining the rise of fascism and the spread of communism in
Europe and Asia
 comparing and contrasting the rise of nationalism in China, Turkey, and India
1. One way Fascist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s gained popular support was by
A.
B.
C.
D.
promising to maintain peace with other countries.
attracting foreign investment for industrial development.
limiting military influence in the government.
appealing to national pride.
Answer: D
2. Which statement about the worldwide Depression of the 1930s is a fact rather than an
opinion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Political leaders should have prevented the Depression.
Germany was hurt more by the Treaty of Versailles than by the Depression.
The economic upheaval of the Depression had major political effects.
World War I was the only reason for the Depression.
Answer: C
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3. Based on the maps, what was one outcome of the redrawing of European borders following
World War I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Germany and Russia continued to share a border.
Austria and Hungary became separate nations.
The northern part of the Ottoman Empire became Czechoslovakia.
The Netherlands gained coastal trading territory.
Answer: B
7.2.3 World War II – Analyze the causes, course, characteristics, and immediate
consequences of World War II by
 explaining the causes of World War II, including aggression and conflict
appeasement that led to war in Europe and Asia (e.g., Versailles Treaty provisions,
Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Spanish Civil War, rape of Nanjing, annexation of
Austria & Sudetenland)
 explaining the Nazi ideology, policies, and consequences of the Holocaust (or Shoah)
 analyzing the major turning points and unique characteristics of the war
 explaining the spatial and political impact of the Allied negotiations on the nations
of Eastern Europe and the world
 analyzing the immediate consequences of the war’s end including the devastation,
effects on population, dawn of the atomic age, the occupation of Germany and
Japan
 describing the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as global
superpowers
1. One immediate result of World War II was that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Germany and Japan maintained regional power.
the Socialists controlled Western Europe.
the Soviet Union became a superpower. _
England and France increased their overseas holdings.
Answer: C
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2. Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with Stalin on the eve of World War II?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To prevent the League of Nations from acting to stop the war
To show that Hitler had changed his views on communism
To allow Germany to invade Poland without Soviet opposition
To ensure that Germany had direct access to the Baltic Sea
Answer: C
3. The economic recovery of Japan following World War II focused primarily on
A.
B.
C.
D.
rebuilding its military and weapons capabilities.
exporting raw materials in exchange for consumer goods.
developing an agricultural economy and marine resources.
developing industry and export economy.
Answer: D
4. “But this trial has shown that under the stress of a national crisis, ordinary men—even able
and extraordinary men—can delude [fool] themselves into the commission of crimes and
atrocities so vast and heinous [terrible] that they beggar [shock] the imagination.”
- Judgment at Nuremberg
This quotation is referring to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
actions taken against Jews and others in the Holocaust.
Allied bombing of German cities during World War II.
German invasion of Poland.
Answer: B
5. The significance of the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, was that it
A.
B.
C.
D.
caused the Soviet Union to join the war against Germany.
liberated Paris from German control.
opened a second major front in the war in Europe.
forced Germany to surrender immediately to Allied forces.
Answer: B
6. One major purpose of the Yalta Conference in 1945 was to decide
A.
B.
C.
D.
when to open the second front against Germany.
where to launch the final invasion of Japan.
how to restructure Europe after the war.
which countries to include in the United Nations.
Answer: B
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7.2.4 Revolutionary and/or Independence Movements – Compare two revolutionary and/or
Independence movements of this era (Latin America, India, China, the Arab World, and
Africa) with at least one from the previous era.
1. One way in which the English Magna Carta (1215), the French Declaration of the Rights of
Man and the Citizen (1789), and the Japanese Constitution (1947) are similar is that all these
documents
A.
B.
C.
D.
limited the power of the monarch.
provided for universal suffrage.
created a theocracy.
equalized taxes.
Answer: A
2. Unification of German States (1865-1871)
Establishment of Indian National Congress Party (1885)
Chinese Revolution (1911)
Mexico’s seizure of foreign-owned industries (1930’s)
These events illustrate the desire of various nations to
A.
B.
C.
D.
control people of other cultures.
economically isolate a country.
strengthen national pride and self-rule.
industrialize an agricultural country.
Answer: C
7.3.1 Russian Revolution – Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution
from the rise of Bolsheviks through the conclusion of World War II, including the five-year
plans, collectivization of agriculture, and military purges.
1. Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy differed from Joseph Stalin’s Five-Year Plan
because New Economic Policy
A.
B.
C.
D.
allowed some privately-owned businesses.
increased regulation of production.
eliminated collective farming.
imposed production mandates.
Answer: A
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34
2. One of the major causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
A.
B.
C.
D.
abuse of political power by Czar Nicholas II.
government’s refusal to enter World War I.
rapid expansion of the right to vote.
failure of communism.
Answer: A
3. Which practice was similar under the rule of the Bolsheviks in Russia and of the Nazi Party
in Germany?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Establishing communism in their respective nations
Permitting a series of multiparty elections
Increasing the power of the middle class
Limiting government opposition through intimidation and fear
Answer: D
7.3.2 Europe and Rise of Fascism and Totalitarian States – Compare the ideologies,
policies, and governing methods of at least two 20th-century dictatorial regimes (Germany,
Italy, Spain, and the Soviet Union) with those absolutist states in earlier eras.
1. A study of the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and of the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991)
shows that powerful empires can
A.
B.
C.
D.
lose strength when mercenaries enforce reforms.
be threatened only when directly attacked by outsiders.
conquer more than one continent and remain stable.
be weakened by both internal and external pressures.
Answer: D
2. Which factor most hindered the efforts of both Napoleon and Hitler to conquer Russia?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Climate
Fortification
Advanced technology
Lack of ports
Answer: A
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35
3. During the 1930’s and 1940’s, Nazis in Germany and Fascists in Italy promoted policies that
emphasized
A.
B.
C.
D.
national and racial supremacy.
worldwide Communist revolutions.
international peacekeeping efforts.
economic cooperation in Europe.
Answer: A
7.3.3 Asia – Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred in
this era, including
 Japanese imperialism
 Chinese nationalism, the emergence of communism, and civil war
 Indian independence struggle
1. Between 1945 and 1947, the differences between the Hindus and the Muslims in India led to
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sepoy Mutiny.
Salt March.
policy of nonalignment.
partitioning of the subcontinent.
Answer: D
2. (1) Internally, arouse the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry,
the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie, form a domestic united front under
the leadership of the working class, and advance from this to the establishment of a state
which is a people’s democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class and
based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
(2) Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as
equals and unite with the peoples of all countries. That is, ally ourselves with the Soviet
Union, with the People’s Democracies and with the proletariat and the broad masses of the
people in all other countries, and form an international united front. . . .
Source: Mao Tse-Tung [Mao Zedong], Selected Works, Volume Five,
1945-1949, New York International Publishers
In this passage, Mao Zedong is using the ideas of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Thomas Malthus
Adam Smith
Karl Marx
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
Answer: C
World History and Geography Assessments – May 2009
36
3. (1) Internally, arouse the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry,
the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie, form a domestic united front under
the leadership of the working class, and advance from this to the establishment of a state
which is a people’s democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class and
based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
(2) Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as
equals and unite with the peoples of all countries. That is, ally ourselves with the Soviet
Union, with the People’s Democracies and with the proletariat and the broad masses of the
people in all other countries, and form an international united front. . . .
Source: Mao Tse-Tung [Mao Zedong], Selected Works, Volume Five,
1945-1949, New York International Publishers
In this passage, Mao Zedong is suggesting that China
A.
B.
C.
D.
create a government under the leadership of industrialists.
give up its independence and become a part of the Soviet Union.
rely on the United Nations for economic aid.
join with the Soviet Union as a partner in communism.
Answer: D
7.3.4 The Americas – Analyze the political, economic and social transformations that
occurred in this era, including
 economic imperialism (e.g., dollar diplomacy)
 foreign military intervention and political revolutions in Central and South America
 nationalization of foreign investments
1. “Beginning in 1929, the value of Chile’s exports fell by 80%, and the value of exports from
other Latin American countries fell by at least 50%.”
This change in the economy of Latin America was the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
crop failures and other natural disasters.
revolutions and class conflict.
labor unrest in factories and mines.
the worldwide economic depression.
Answer: D
World History and Geography Assessments – May 2009
37
2. The development of the Marshall Plan and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) were part of President Harry Truman’s effort to
A.
B.
C.
D.
end the Korean War.
limit the spread of communism.
provide aid to Asian nations.
promote an isolationist foreign policy.
Answer: B
3. “. . . we shall fight for the things which have always been nearest our hearts, — for
democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own
governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal domination of rights
by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the
world itself at last free. . . .”
- President Woodrow Wilson
This statement by President Wilson is directly advocating the idea of
A.
B.
C.
D.
disarmament.
national self-determination.
territorial readjustments.
balance of power.
Answer: B
7.3.5 Middle East – Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations that
occurred in this era, including
 the decline of the Ottoman Empire
 changes in the Arab world including the growth of Arab nationalism, rise of Arab
nation-states, and the increasing complexity (e.g., political, geographic, economic,
and religious) of Arab peoples
 the role of the Mandate system
 the discovery of petroleum resources
1. Which statement best expresses the key issue in the continuing dispute between Israelis and
Arabs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Both sides have historic claims to the same land.
Other religious groups continue to claim rights to historic sites.
Israel has been denied access to water rights.
Control of oil resources in the area is essential to both groups.
Answer: A
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2. Since the 1970s, the wealth of many Middle Eastern nations was increased by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
expansion of Islamic fundamentalism.
creation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
development of communes in Israel.
Answer: C
8.1.1 Origins of the Cold War – Describe the factors that contributed to the Cold War
including the differences in ideologies and policies of the Soviet bloc and the West; political,
economic, and military struggles in the 1940s and 1950s; and development of Communism
in China.
1. NATO was created in order to
A.
B.
C.
D.
develop good will between Eastern and Western Europe.
encourage diplomatic solutions to regional problems in North Africa.
facilitate regional economic development in North Africa.
create a unified military defense between the U.S. and Western Europe.
Answer: D
2. The Warsaw Treaty was developed in 1955 in response to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
start of the communist revolution in Cuba.
U.S. development of the hydrogen bomb.
UN intervention in Korea.
Answer: A
3. The main idea of this 1949 cartoon is that the United Nations would
A.
B.
C.
D.
work to solve pollution problems.
meet only when world crises eruption.
bridge the gap between world powers.
prevent the Cold War.
Answer: C
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The Meeting Will Now Come To Order
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8.1.2 Cold War Conflicts – Describe the major arenas of conflict, including
 the ways the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to expand power and
influence in Korea and Vietnam
 ideological and military competition in THREE of the following areas: Congo,
Cuba, Mozambique, Angola, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bolivia, Chile, Indonesia, and
Berlin
 the arms and space race
1. French intent to recolonize Indo-China after World War II
United States desire to prevent the spread of communism
United States support for the French in Southeast Asia
These ideas are most closely associated with the
A.
B.
C.
D.
causes of the conflict in Vietnam.
reasons for the Nationalist settlement of Taiwan.
factors that led to the Korean War.
results of the Marshall Plan.
Answer: A
2. Although Cuba has lost support from many nations, one reason Fidel Castro has remained in
power is that he has
A.
B.
C.
D.
established free trade with the United States.
opposed communism.
prohibited the practice of Catholicism.
raised the standard of living for many Cubans.
Answer: D
8.1.3 End of the Cold War – Develop an argument to explain the end of the Cold War and
its significance as a 20th-century event, and the subsequent transitions from bi-polar to
multi-polar center(s) of power.
1. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union signify the
A.
B.
C.
D.
end of the Cold War.
collapse of the Taliban.
strength of the Warsaw Pact.
power of the European Union.
Answer: A
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2. Which statement best describes the main point in the political cartoon?
A. Nuclear proliferation occurs in all
societies.
B. Actions of one nation often affect
other nations.
C. Nuclear technology should be
limited to the global superpowers.
D. Most governments are critical of
India’s nuclear tests.
Answer: B
3. The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is symbolic of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
end of the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe.
declining power of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
fall of the Weimar Republic.
collapse of the European Union.
Answer: A
8.1.4 Mapping the 20th Century – Using post-WWI, post-WWII, height of Cold War, and
current world political maps, explain the changing configuration of political boundaries in
the world caused by the World Wars, the Cold War, and the growth of nationalist
sovereign states (including Israel, Jordan, Palestine).
1. Since 1948, a major reason for the conflict between Arabs and Israelis is that each side
A.
B.
C.
D.
wants the huge oil reserves that lie under the disputed land.
believes that the United States favors the other side in the conflict.
claims sovereignty over the same land.
seeks to control trade on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
Answer: C
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8.2.1 The Legacy of Imperialism – Analyze the complex and changing legacy of imperialism
in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America during and after the Cold War such as
apartheid, civil war in Nigeria, Vietnam, Cuba, Guatemala, and the changing nature of
exploitation of resources (human and natural).
1. What is the main idea of the cartoon?
A. The original causes of Apartheid
have not been eliminated.
B. Apartheid improved race relations in
South America.
C. Peace can be achieved by nonviolence.
D. Hate is caused by poverty.
Answer: A
8.2.2 Independence, Decolonization, and Democratization Movements – Compare the
independence movements and formation of new nations in the Indian Subcontinent, Africa,
Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia during and after the Cold War.
1. A factor that contributed to the success of both Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam and Mao Zedong in
China was their ability to combine
A.
B.
C.
D.
imperialism and traditionalism.
nationalism and communism.
ethnocentrism and democracy.
isolationism and capitalism.
Answer: B
8.2.3 Middle East – Analyze the interregional causes and consequences of conflicts in the
Middle East, including the development of the state of Israel, Arab-Israeli disputes,
Palestine, the Suez crisis, and the nature of the continuing conflict.
1. “We advocate a government based on legal principles established in the Koran (Qur’an).”
Which political event would most likely be associated with this statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chinese Communist Revolution of 1949
Overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979
Unification of Germany in 1990
Election of Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa in 1994
Answer: B
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2. Which basic belief characterized the totalitarian governments of Benito Mussolini and
Saddam Hussein?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nations must have written constitutions and free elections.
All religions are accepted.
The needs of the state are more important than individual rights.
Representatives of the people make the laws.
Answer: C
3. The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations since 1948 was often considered part of the
Cold War primarily because
A.
B.
C.
D.
the policy of detente evolved from this conflict.
communist governments were established in many Arab nations.
the leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly influenced the policies of Saddam Hussein.
the United States supported Israel and the Soviet Union supported several Arab
nations.
Answer: D
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