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Figure 6.15 When a reaction
Figure 6.15 When a reaction

... Figure 6.9 When a system expands, it performs work on its surroundings by forcing all the molecules in another object in the surroundings to move in the same direction. Here we see the expansion of a gas raise a weight. The expansion of gases in the cylinders of automobiles do work by pushing on th ...
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MSDS - Dudley Chemical Corporation

... representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appro ...
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BISMUTH (III) OXIDE - Dudley Chemical Corporation

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Chemical thermodynamics



Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the ""fundamental equations of Gibbs"" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
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